汽轮机转子钢的应力腐蚀敏感性
Stress Corrosion Sensitivity of Steam Turbine Rotor Steel
摘 要
模拟了核电汽轮机低压转子的运行工况，对25Cr2Ni2MoV、26NiCrMoV10-10和30Cr2Ni4MoV三种低压转子钢进行慢应变速率试验，研究不同转子钢的应力腐蚀敏感性差异及影响因素，并采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和能谱仪等对试样的断口形貌、腐蚀裂纹及氧化膜进行微观分析，探讨汽轮机转子钢常用材料的应力腐蚀开裂（SCC）机理。结果表明：在180℃、3.5% NaCl溶液中，25Cr2Ni2MoV转子钢的应力腐蚀敏感性最高；而26NiCrMoV10-10和30Cr2Ni4MoV转子钢的SCC敏感性相近；增加钢中Ni元素含量，降低材料的强度，有利于降低材料的SCC敏感性。应变主导的腐蚀开裂中没有发现腐蚀坑，动态应变直接破坏表面氧化膜，促使裂纹萌生，并向金属内部扩展，呈穿晶开裂形式。
慢应变速率试验
应力腐蚀敏感性
开裂机理
low-pressure rotor steel
slow strain rate test (SSRT)
stress corrosion sensitivity
cracking mechanism
Abstract
The stress corrosion sensitivity of 25Cr2Ni2MoV, 26NiCrMoV10-10 and 30Cr2Ni4MoV low-pressure rotor steels in simulated nuclear steam turbine operation condition was investigated through slow strain rate test (SSRT). Fracture morphology, corrosion cracks and oxide films were analyzed by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and the stress corrosion cracking (SCC) mechanism of common materials of steam turbine rotor steel were discussed. Results revealed that the SCC sensitivity of 25Cr2Ni2MoV steel was the highest in 180℃, 3.5% NaCl solution, while the SCC sensitivity of 26NiCrMoV10-10 and 30Cr2Ni4MoV rotor steel were similar. The SCC sensitivity of metal could be decreased by the increase of Ni and the decline of mechanical strength. No pit was discovered, and cracks initiated from metal surface because of the rupture of oxide film caused by dynamic strain and then propagated into the metal, which showed transgranular cracking.
中图分类号 TG142 DOI 10.11973/fsyfh-202003001
所属栏目 试验研究
基金项目 上海市自然科学基金（16ZR1408300）；国家自然科学基金（51875202）
收稿日期 2018/8/19
修改稿日期
网络出版日期
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引用该论文: LIN Shuxian,HUANG Yuhui,XUAN Fuzhen,TU Shantung. Stress Corrosion Sensitivity of Steam Turbine Rotor Steel[J]. Corrosion & Protection, 2020, 41(3): 1
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【3】刘鑫,钟约先,马庆贤,等. 核电汽轮机低压转子技术的发展[J]. 锻压装备与制造技术,2009,44(3):13-18.
【4】SHIPILOV S A. Solving some key failure analysis problems using advanced methods for materials testing[J]. Engineering Failure Analysis,2007,14(8):1550-1573.
【5】PARKER J G,SADLER M A. Stress corrosion cracking of a low alloy steel in high purity steam[J]. Corrosion Science,1975,15(1):57-63.
【6】ROSARIO D,VISWANATHAN R,WELLS C,et al. Stress corrosion cracking of steam turbine rotors[J]. Corrosion,1998,54(7):531-545.
【7】TURNBULL A,ZHOU S. Pit to crack transition in stress corrosion cracking of a steam turbine disc steel[J]. Corrosion Science,2004,46(5):1239-1264.
【8】MAGDOWSKI R M,SPEIDEL M O. Clean steels for steam turbine rotors-their stress corrosion cracking resistance[J]. Metallurgical Transactions A,1988,19(6):583-1596.
【9】HOLDSWORTH S,NOUGARET M,ROBERTS B,et al. Laboratory stress corrosion cracking experience in steam disc steel[C]//Proceedings of the EPRI steam Turbine Stress Corrosion Cracking Workshop.[S.l.]:[s.n.],1997.
【10】BANASZKIEWICZ M,REHMUS-FORC A. Stress corrosion cracking of a 60 MW steam turbine rotor[J]. Engineering Failure Analysis,2015,51:55-68.
【11】ITOH H. Strength dependence of intergranular stress corrosion cracking susceptibility on 3.5% NiCrMoV steel at 403 K[J]. Material Science Research International,2004,10(1):34-40.
【12】王朋,霍鑫,丁玉明. 核电汽轮机焊接转子技术发展综述[J]. 热力透平,2015,44(4):296-299.
【13】罗吉江. AP1000核电汽轮机的去湿防蚀技术[J]. 热力透平,2014,43(4):265-268.
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【18】MOHAMADI F,ELIYANl F F,ALFANTAZI A. Corrosion of simulated weld HAZ of API X-80 pipeline steel[J]. Corrosion Science,2012,63(12):323-333.
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【26】SHEN Z,ZHANG L,TANG R,et al. The effect of temperature on the SSRT behavior of austenitic stainless steels in SCW[J]. Journal of Nuclear Materials,2014,454(1/3):274-282.
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