采用极化曲线和电化学阻抗谱（EIS）技术，对比研究了Q235钢和纯铜在不同pH红壤模拟溶液中的腐蚀电化学特征。结果表明：Q235钢和纯铜的腐蚀速率均随着溶液pH的升高而降低。在红壤模拟溶液中，Q235钢的阳极主要发生Fe的活性溶解，腐蚀过程受阴极还原反应控制；纯铜阴极主要发生氧的去极化反应，腐蚀过程受阳极溶解反应控制，且溶液中的H⁺含量会影响腐蚀产物膜的形成过程。在pH为4和5的模拟溶液中，纯铜的耐蚀性较碳钢的提高不大；在pH为6的模拟溶液中，致密腐蚀产物膜的形成使纯铜的腐蚀速率显著降低。

Corrosion and electrochemical characteristics of Q235 steel and copper in red soil simulated solutions with different pH were compared and studied by polarization curve and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. The results show that the corrosion rate of Q235 steel and copper decreased with increasing pH of solution. In red soil simulation solution, the active dissolution of Fe mainly occurred in the anode of Q235 steel, and the corrosion process was controlled by cathodic reduction reaction. The cathode of copper mainly underwent a depolarization reaction of oxygen, and the corrosion process was controlled by anodic dissolution reaction, and the content of H⁺ in the solution would affect the formation process of corrosion product film. In the simulated soil solutions with pH 4 and 5, the corrosion resistance of copper was not much higher than that of carbon steel, and in the simulated solution with pH 6, the formation of dense corrosion product film on the sample surface significantly reduced the corrosion rate of copper.