具备高时空分辨率的同步辐射光源是标志着现代基础科学核心创新能力的一种大科学装置。介绍了基于高能X射线三维成像的原位加载装置的国内外研究进展，简要论述了作者团队自2011年以来基于上海同步辐射光源和北京同步辐射装置自主研制的系列原位加载装置，包括原位拉伸、压缩、低周疲劳、高周疲劳、超高周疲劳试验机及其样品环境，以及针对轻质高强材料（激光焊接铝合金和激光增材制造铝、钛合金等）缺陷安全性评定开展的研究工作。结果表明，原位加载装置是表征先进材料微结构损伤演化的核心，也是关系国家竞争力的大科学装置的重要支撑。

Synchrotron radiation source with high spatial and temporal resolution is a large-scale scientific instrument representing kernel creativity of modern fundamental sciences. Research progress on in-situ loading machines based on high-energy X-ray 3D tomography is described. A set of in-situ loading rigs independently developed by the author team on the basis of Shanghai synchrotron radiation source and Beijing synchrotron radiation facility since 2011, including in-situ tensile, compression, low-cycle fatigue, high-cycle fatigue and super high-cycle fatigue testing machine as well as the sample environment, and researches on high-strength lightweight materials (such as laser welded aluminum alloy and additively manufactured aluminum and titanium alloys) are concisely discussed. The results show that in-situ loading machines play a key role in characterizing microstructural damage evolution of advanced materials, and also are the major supporting of large-scale scientific instruments related to national competitiveness.