复合材料具有金属材料无法比拟的优越性能，在航空航天领域得到了广泛应用，但其对冲击载荷十分敏感，因此需要对其所受冲击进行长效监测评估。通过对复合材料层合板冲击响应接触模型的分析，选择了冲击信号模型，确定了分析参数，提出以频率幅值谱斜率作为监测评估冲击信号的特征分析参数，并通过建立冲击测试实验系统，对实测的布拉格光纤光栅冲击信号进行了分析。试验结果表明：以冲击信号频率幅值谱斜率为特征分析参数，可以有效地分析不同冲击位置下的冲击能量的不同，评估冲击发生的位置信息。

Composite materials are more and more widely used in aerospace because of their superior performance compared with metal materials, whereas they are very sensitive to impact loads, so it is necessary to achieve long-term impact monitoring and evaluation. In this paper, after the analysis of the contact model of impact response, the impact signal model and the analysis parameters are selected, the slope of frequency amplitude spectrum is proposed as the characteristic analysis parameter for monitoring and evaluating the impact signal. Finally, the measured impact signals of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) are analyzed by establishing the impact test experimental system. The results show that the slope of frequency amplitude spectrum of impact signal can effectively analyze the energy change caused by impact distance, and evaluate the location information of impact relative to FBG.