介绍了示波冲击载荷-位移曲线及其主要物理特征点。以13MnNiMoR钢板为例，分析了温度对载荷-位移曲线的影响，特别是裂纹形成能量与裂纹扩展能量的变化规律。结果表明：材料韧脆转变始于裂纹扩展能量降低，当裂纹扩展能量消耗殆尽之后，裂纹形成能量开始降低，并主导总冲击吸收能量降低，与断口韧性断面不断减少、晶状断面不断增加相对应。示波冲击曲线可以为优化材料强韧性提供依据，并可用来评价不同材料的韧性水平。

The oscillographic impact load-displacement curve and its main physical characteristics were introduced. Taking 13MnNiMoR steel plate as an example, the influence of temperature on the load-displacement curve was analyzed, especially the change rule of crack formation energy and crack propagation energy. The results show that the ductile-brittle transition begins with the decrease of crack propagation energy. When the crack propagation energy is exhausted, the crack formation energy begins to decrease and the total impact absorption energy decreases, which corresponds to the decrease of fracture toughness section and the increase of crystalline section. The oscillographic impact curve can provide a basis for optimizing the strength and toughness of materials, and can be used to evaluate the toughness level of different materials.