介绍了压水堆核电厂典型的小支管焊接接头结构、典型老化机理和老化影响因素、役致缺陷分布、特征和失效影响，及其老化管理工作中存在的老化监测检测技术难点和需求。重点介绍了核电厂小支管及其插套焊焊接结构的完整性先进监测和检测技术的研究和应用情况，主要包括：相控阵超声技术在小径管及其插套焊焊接接头检测中的研究和应用；微焦点X射线CT成像技术在能力验证试块标准答案制作中的应用；小径管振动的非接触激光多普勒测量技术及其在小径管老化管理中的应用；基于瑞利散射原理的光纤在线监测应变-温度的研究和应用等。此外，分析讨论了上述监测检测技术的优缺点和进一步的研究和应用方向。

This paper briefly introduces the welding joint structures, ageing mechanism and factors of affecting the aging and structure failure, service-induced flaws distribution and characteristics, the challenges and requirements for small branch pipes aging management in PWR nuclear power plants. Then, the following advanced monitoring and inspection technique and its applications were discussed in detail, such as the ultrasonic phased array inspection of small bore pipes butt welds and sockets welds, the high power micro-focus-point CT imaging techniques application in flaw 3D reconstruction and finger-print of qualification testing blocks, pipe vibration measurement with no-contact laser doppler vibrometer, pipe strain and temperature cycle monitoring with optical time domain and frequency reflectometry technique based on Rayleigh scattering principle. Furthermore, the advantages and disadvantages of the above-mentioned techniques and developments were discussed.