对Al₁₈B₄O₃₃晶须增强铝基复合材料进行常规喷丸（室温）与热喷丸（200℃）处理，研究了喷丸处理后表层残余应力分布，采用X射线衍射线形分析方法对表层微观结构进行表征，并研究了其显微硬度。结果表明：喷丸处理后复合材料表层的残余压应力随着距表面距离（深度）的增加先增大后减小，且热喷丸处理后的残余压应力大于常规喷丸处理后的；随着深度的增加，喷丸处理后表层的晶块尺寸增大，微观应变减小，且热喷丸处理后的晶块尺寸与微观应变小于常规喷丸处理后的；喷丸处理后表层的位错密度与硬度随着深度的增加而降低，且热喷丸处理后的位错密度与硬度均高于常规喷丸处理后的。

Conventional (room temperature) and warm (200 ℃) shot peening treatments were performed on Al₁₈B₄O₃₃ whisker reinforced aluminum matrix composite, and the residual stress distribution of the surface layer after shot peening was studied. The microstructure of the surface layer was investigated by X-ray diffraction profile analysis and the microhardness was also studied. The results show that the residual compressive stress of the surface layer of the composite after shot peening increased first and then decreased with increasing distance from the surface (depth); the residual compressive stress after warm shot peening was greater than that after conventional shot peening. The domain size of the surface layer increased with the depth after shot peening, and the microstrain decreased; the domain size and microstrain after warm peening were both smaller than those after conventional shot peening. The dislocation density and microhardness of the surface layer decreased with increasing depth after shot peening, and the dislocation density and the microhardness after warm peening were higher than those after conventional shot peening.