在600℃、不同时间（1~15 d）下对岩棉纤维增强SiO₂气凝胶复合隔热材料进行加速老化试验，研究了其老化后的微观结构、压缩性能和导热性能。结果表明：随老化时间延长，填充在岩棉纤维网架空隙中的气凝胶发生团聚，纤维断裂程度增加，老化时间为15 d时，气凝胶呈烧结状态，结构致密；未老化试样的应力随应变呈线性变化，老化试样的应力增大速率大于未老化试样的，老化15 d时，应力随应变的增大速率最大；随老化时间延长，试样的热量传输路径变短，导热系数增大。

The rock wool fiber reinforced SiO₂ aerogel composite thermal insulation material was subjected to accelerated aging tests for different times (1-15 d) at 600 ℃. The microstructure, compression performance and thermal conduction performance were studied after aging. The results show that with increasing aging time, the aerogel filled in the rock wool fiber grid space agglomerated, and the fracture degree of fiber increased. When the aging time was 15 d, the aerogel was in a sintered state, and the structure was dense. The stress of the unaged sample changed linearly with strain. The stress of the aged sample increased faster than that of the unaged sample. The stress increased fastest with strain when the aging time was 15 d. With increasing aging time, the heat transfer path of the sample became shorter, and the thermal conductivity coefficient increased.