电厂冷却水系统碳钢管道内壁一般未采取腐蚀防护措施，运行中可能发生严重腐蚀，乃至泄漏。腐蚀泄漏点分布于冷却水系统的大小管道，维修治理困难，影响系统的正常运行。针对3个电厂冷却水系统碳钢管道腐蚀案例，采用X射线荧光光谱法、X射线衍射、能谱等技术方法，结合水质检测结果和腐蚀形貌特征，进行了腐蚀原因分析。结果表明：微生物腐蚀导致碳钢管道内壁腐蚀加剧，大量腐蚀产物沉积，诱发沉积物下局部自催化腐蚀，最终管道发生泄漏。建议从系统运行控制和管道材料两个方面，结合实际情况，选择适当对策及措施，避免碳钢管道内壁腐蚀泄漏。

Corrosion protection measures are generally not taken for the inner wall of carbon steel pipelines in cooling water systems of power plants, and severe corrosion or even leakage may occur during operation. Corrosion leakage points are distributed in large and small tubes of cooling water systems, which makes maintenance difficult and affects the normal operation of the system. According to the corrosion cases of carbon steel pipelines in cooling water systems of three power plants, the corrosion causes were analyzed by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive spectroscopy, combined with the results of water quality test and corrosion morphology characteristics. The results show that the corrosion of inner wall of carbon steel pipeline was aggravated because of microbial corrosion. The deposition of a large number of corrosion products induced local autocatalytic corrosion under deposits. And finally the pipeline leaked. It is suggested to choose appropriate countermeasures and measures from two aspects of system operation control and pipeline material, combining with the actual situation, to avoid corrosion and leakage of carbon steel pipeline inner wall.