阐述了里氏硬度计的检测原理及在热处理现场应用时的注意事项，讨论了里氏硬度计的校准补偿方法及结果。结果表明：使用里氏硬度计检测时应注意被测材料的牌号、质量、硬度、厚度、表面粗糙度等，采用合适的冲击装置和试验方法，避免因检测条件不合适或操作不当而造成检测误差。在热处理现场检测条件不合适、环境不理想的情况下，可通过计算校准偏差（即补偿值）且进行一次校准来提高换算结果的准确性。

The detection principle of Leeb hardness tester and the precautions in the application of heat treatment field were described,and the calibration compensation method and results of Leeb hardness tester were discussed. The results show that the brand, weight, hardness, thickness and surface roughness of the tested material should be paid attention to when using the Leeb hardness tester, and the appropriate impact device and test method should be adopted to avoid the detection error caused by unsuitable test conditions or improper operation. In the case of unsuitable testing conditions and unsatisfactory environment, the accuracy of conversion results can be improved by calculating the calibration deviation (compensation value) and making a calibration.