稀土永磁材料力学性能改善方法及加工方法的研究进展
Research Progress on Mechanical Property Improving Methods and MachiningMethods for Rare Earth Permanent Magnetic Materials
摘 要
稀土永磁材料因其优异的磁性能在传统工业、风力发电和新能源汽车等领域得到广泛应用。但是，稀土永磁材料中金属间化合物的脆性大，导致该材料的力学性能和加工性能差，从而限制了其应用范围。总结了稀土永磁材料塑韧性差的原因和断裂机理，重点阐述了近年来提高其力学性能的方法，主要包括晶粒尺寸及分布优化、基体相强韧化、晶界强韧化，以及降低力学性能的各向异性，概述了稀土永磁材料的加工方法，最后展望了该领域未来的发展方向。
Nd-Fe-B磁体
Sm-Co磁体
力学性能
断裂机理
加工方法
rare earth permanent magnetic material
Nd-Fe-B magnet
Sm-Co magnet
mechanical property
fracture mechanism
machining method
Abstract
Rare earth permanent magnetic materials are widely used in traditional industries, wind power generation and new energy vehicles because of their excellent magnetic properties. However, due to the brittleness of intermetallic compounds, the mechanical properties and machinability of rare earth permanent magnetic materials are poor, which limit their application. The reasons for poor ductility and toughness along with the fracture mechanisms of rare earth permanent magnetic materials are summarized. The methods of improving their mechanical properties in recent years are reviewed, including the optimization of grain size and distribution, the improvement of strength and ductility of the matrix phase, the improvement of strength and ductility of the grain boundary, and the reduction of mechanical property anisotropy. The machining methods of rare earth permanent magnetic materials are described. Finally, a brief prospect for the future development directions of this field is provided.
中图分类号 TG146.4 DOI 10.11973/jxgccl202109001
所属栏目 综述
基金项目 国家自然科学基金资助项目（51701066）；河南省大学生创新创业训练计划创新重点项目（202010464032）；河南科技大学大学生研究训练计划项目（SRTP 2020027）；中国国家留学基金资助项目（201908410072）；河南科技大学博士科研启动基金资助项目（4002/13480083）
收稿日期 2020/10/11
修改稿日期 2021/8/14
网络出版日期
作者单位点击查看
备注吕贵红(2001-),男,四川南充人,本科生
引用该论文: Lü Guihong,MA Zheng,XIAO Tenglong,LI Xiaosen,LIU Xialin,AN Shizhong. Research Progress on Mechanical Property Improving Methods and MachiningMethods for Rare Earth Permanent Magnetic Materials[J]. Materials for mechancial engineering, 2021, 45(9): 1～7
吕贵红,马峥,肖滕龙,李孝森,刘夏琳,安士忠. 稀土永磁材料力学性能改善方法及加工方法的研究进展[J]. 机械工程材料, 2021, 45(9): 1～7
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参考文献
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【37】LIN M, WANG H J, YI P P, et al.Effects of excessive grain growth on the magnetic and mechanical properties of hot-deformed NdFeB magnets[J].Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 2010, 322(15):2268-2271.
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【49】TAKEZAWA H, YOKOTE N, MOHRI N.Influence of external magnetic field on permanent magnet by EDM[J].The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 2016, 87(1/2/3/4):25-30.
【50】MISRA A, M PANDEY P, DIXIT U S.Modeling of material removal in ultrasonic assisted magnetic abrasive finishing process[J].International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, 2017, 131/132:853-867.
【2】LI X H, LOU L, SONG W P, et al.Novel bimorphological anisotropic bulk nanocomposite materials with high energy products[J].Advanced Materials, 2017, 29(16):1606430.
【3】AN S Z, LI W H, SONG K X, et al.Phase transformation in anisotropic nanocrystalline SmCo5 magnets[J].Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 2019, 469:113-118.
【4】AN S Z, MA Z H, LI W H, et al.Magnetic properties of anisotropic bonded NdFeB/SmCo permanent magnets[J].AIP Advances, 2019, 9(12):125146.
【5】SAGAWA M, HIROSAWA S, YAMAMOTO H, et al.Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet materials[J].Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, 1987, 26(6):785-800.
【6】TANG Y, CHEN R J, YIN W Z, et al.Reduction of the mechanical anisotropy for hot-deformed Nd-Fe-B magnets by changing the morphology of the melt-spun powders[J].Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 2019, 480:53-57.
【7】DELETTE G.Polycrystalline models of anisotropic sintered magnets:Influence of grain alignment on mechanical properties and residual stresses[J].Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 2015, 389:10-20.
【8】YAN G H, LIU Z, FENG Y P, et al.Zirconium content induced mitigation of mechanical anisotropy in 2:17 type SmCo magnets[J].Journal of Rare Earths, 2020, 38(2):182-187.
【9】CUI X G, CUI C Y, CHENG X N, et al.Effects of alignment on the magnetic and mechanical properties of sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2013, 563:161-164.
【10】JIN C X, CHEN R J, YIN W Z, et al.Mechanical properties study of hot-pressed and hot-deformed Nd-Fe-B magnets[J].IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2014, 50(11):1-4.
【11】LI W, LI A H, WANG H J.Anisotropic fracture behavior of sintered rare-earth permanent magnets[J].IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2005, 41(8):2339-2342.
【12】SASAKI T T, OHKUBO T, HONO K.Structure and chemical compositions of the grain boundary phase in Nd-Fe-B sintered magnets[J].Acta Materialia, 2016, 115:269-277.
【13】CUI B Z, LIU X B, KING A H, et al.Overcoming mechanical fragility in Sm-Co permanent magnet materials[J].Acta Materialia, 2020, 196:528-538.
【14】RABINOVICH Y M, SERGEEV V V, MAYSTRENKO A D, et al.Physical and mechanical properties of sintered Nd-Fe-B type permanent magnets[J].Intermetallics, 1996, 4(8):641-645.
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【17】SINGH R K, KAMAT S V, MATHUR R P.Fracture toughness studies in sintered SmCo5 magnets[J].Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 2015, 379:300-304.
【18】LI W, LI A H, WANG H J, et al.Study on strengthening and toughening of sintered rare-earth permanent magnets[J].Journal of Applied Physics, 2009, 105(7):07A703.
【19】REN L B, HADJIPANAYIS G C, PARVIZI-MAJIDI A.Fracture toughness and flexural strength of Sm(Co, Fe, Cu, Zr)7-8 magnetic alloys[J].Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 2003, 257(1):58-68.
【20】CHEN C H, HUANG M Q, FOSTER J E, et al.Effect of surface modification on mechanical properties and thermal stability of Sm-Co high temperature magnetic materials[J].Surface and Coatings Technology, 2006, 201(6):3430-3437.
【21】WANG G P, WU S, LIU W Q, et al.Mechanical properties and the composition of Nd-rich phase in sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets prepared by spark plasma sintering[J].Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 2019, 486:165261.
【22】TANG M H, BAO X Q, ZHANG X J, et al.Tailoring the mechanical anisotropy of sintered NdFeB magnets by PrCu grain boundary reconstruction[J].Journal of Rare Earths, 2019, 37(4):393-397.
【23】KIM J W, KIM S H, KIM Y D.Mechanical properties of (Nd, Dy)-Fe-B magnets sintered via cyclic sintering[J].Materials Science and Engineering:A, 2012, 535:325-329.
【24】LI A H, ZHANG Y M, LI W, et al.Influence of Ce content on the mechanical properties of sintered (Ce, Nd)-Fe-B magnets[J].IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2017, 53(11):1-4.
【25】SZYMURA S, WYSLOCKI J J, RABINOVICH Y M, et al.Domain structure, magnetic and mechanical properties of Nd-Fe-B magnets with different grain size[J].Physica Status Solidi (A), 1994, 141(2):435-443.
【26】WANG H J, LI A H, LI W.Effect of Pr and Dy substitution on the impact resistance of sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets[J].Intermetallics, 2007, 15(7):985-988.
【27】GARRELL M G, SHIH A J, MA B M, et al.Mechanical properties of nylon bonded Nd-Fe-B permanent magnets[J].Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 2003, 257(1):32-43.
【28】ZHANG X H, XIONG W H, LI Y F, et al.Effect of process on the magnetic and mechanical properties of Nd-Fe-B bonded magnets[J].Materials & Design, 2009, 30(4):1386-1390.
【29】HEMRICK J, LARA-CURZIO E, LIU K, et al.Mechanical properties of thermally cycled nylon bonded Nd-Fe-B permanent magnets[J].Journal of Materials Science, 2004, 39(21):6509-6522.
【30】GARRELL M G, MA B M, SHIH A J, et al.Mechanical properties of polyphenylene-sulfide (PPS) bonded Nd-Fe-B permanent magnets[J].Materials Science and Engineering:A, 2003, 359(1/2):375-383.
【31】JU J Y, TANG X, CHEN R J, et al.The study of magnetic properties, coercivity mechanism and bending strength of hot-deformed RE-Fe-B magnets[J].Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 2015, 386:31-36.
【32】HORTON J A, WRIGHT J L, HERCHENROEDER J W.Fracture toughness of commercial magnets[J].IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 1996, 32(5):4374-4376.
【33】HERTZBERG R W, VINCI R P, HERTZBERG J L. Deformation and fracture mechanics of engineering materials[M].[S.l.]:John Wiley & Sons, 2020.
【34】ASARO R J, SURESH S.Mechanistic models for the activation volume and rate sensitivity in metals with nanocrystalline grains and nano-scale twins[J].Acta Materialia, 2005, 53(12):3369-3382.
【35】WANG G P, LIU W Q, HUANG Y L, et al.Effects of sintering temperature on the mechanical properties of sintered NdFeB permanent magnets prepared by spark plasma sintering[J].Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 2014, 349:1-4.
【36】HU Z H, QU H J, ZHAO J Q, et al.Effect of sintering process on the magnetic and mechanical properties of sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets[J].Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 2014, 368:54-58.
【37】LIN M, WANG H J, YI P P, et al.Effects of excessive grain growth on the magnetic and mechanical properties of hot-deformed NdFeB magnets[J].Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 2010, 322(15):2268-2271.
【38】HU Z H, QU H J, ZHAO J Q, et al.Effect of amorphous powder blend on the magnetic and mechanical properties of Die-upset Nd-Fe-B magnets[J].Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 2014, 358/359:204-207.
【39】JIN J Y, ZHANG Y J, MA T, et al.Mechanical properties of La-Ce-substituted Nd-Fe-B magnets[J].IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2016, 52(7):1-4.
【40】HU Z H, ZHU M G, LI W, et al.Effects of Nb on the coercivity and impact toughness of sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets[J].Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 2008, 320(3/4):96-99.
【41】LIU J F, VORA P, WALMER M H, et al.Microstructure and magnetic properties of sintered NdFeB magnets with improved impact toughness[J].Journal of Applied Physics, 2005, 97(10):10H101.
【42】LIN M, WANG H J, ZHENG J W, et al.Effects of Fe fine powders doping on hot deformed NdFeB magnets[J].Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 2015, 379:90-94.
【43】WANG H J, LI A H, GUO Y Q, et al. The effect of element doping and heat treatment on the impact resistance of Nd-Fe-B sintered magnets[J].Journal of Applied Physics, 2008, 103(7):07E119.
【44】JIN J Y, QIAN Z Y, BAI G H, et al.Effects of (Nd, Pr)H<i>x intergranular addition on the mechanical properties of Nd-Pr-Ce-Fe-B sintered magnets[J].IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2018, 54(11):1-4.
【45】YI P P, LIN M, CHEN R J, et al.Enhanced magnetic properties and bending strength of hot deformed Nd-Fe-B magnets with Cu additions[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2010, 491(1/2):605-609.
【46】ZHENG X F, LI M, JIN C X, et al.Effect of WC addition on mechanical properties of hot-deformed Nd-Fe-B magnets[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2017, 728:607-611.
【47】李海龙, 张敏刚, 宫长伟, 等.温压压力对钕铁硼磁性能和抗压强度的影响[J].电子元件与材料, 2012, 31(2):36-39. LI H L, ZHANG M G, GONG C W, et al.Influences of pressure of warm compaction on the magnetic properties and compressive strength of bonded Nd-Fe-B magnets[J].Electronic Components and Materials, 2012, 31(2):36-39.
【48】RAULF K, PRETZ T.Model-based comparison of recycling processes for grinding slurries from NdFeB-magnet production[J].Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy, 2017, 3(1):150-167.
【49】TAKEZAWA H, YOKOTE N, MOHRI N.Influence of external magnetic field on permanent magnet by EDM[J].The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 2016, 87(1/2/3/4):25-30.
【50】MISRA A, M PANDEY P, DIXIT U S.Modeling of material removal in ultrasonic assisted magnetic abrasive finishing process[J].International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, 2017, 131/132:853-867.
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