采用压痕应变法、全释放应变法和深孔（DHD）法分别检测两种材料4种型号的发动机铸铁气缸盖在热处理前后的残余应力，分析了热处理消除气缸盖残余应力的效果。结果表明：通过压痕应变法和全释放应变法测得热处理前后气缸盖表面的残余应力基本为压应力，两种方法测得的残余应力水平相当，除3号气缸盖外，其余气缸盖热处理后的表面压应力峰值基本没有下降；通过DHD法测得气缸盖深度方向存在拉应力，热处理工艺没有降低气缸盖深度方向的拉应力峰值；3号气缸盖可以采用热处理工艺消除表面残余应力，其余气缸盖热处理前残余应力的水平较低，无需进行热处理。

The indentation strain-gage method, the sectioning relaxation strain-gage method and the deep-hole drill (DHD) method were used to detect the residual stress of four types of the cast iron cylinder head in two materials of engine before and after heat treatment. The effect of heat treament to eliminate the residual stress of cylinder head. The results showed that the residual stress on the surface of cylinder head measured by indentation strain-gage method and sectioning relaxation strain-gage method was basically compressive stress. The residual stress levels measured by the two methods were similar, except for no. 3 cylinder head, the peak value of surface compressive stress of other cylinder heads had not decreased. The tensile stress in the depth direction of cylinder head was measured by DHD method, and heat treatment process did not reduce the peak value of tensile stress in the depth direction of cylinder head. The heat treatment process could be used for no. 3 cylinder head to eliminate surface residual stress, and the residual stress level of remaining cylinder heads before heat treatment were relatively low, no need for heat treatment.