增加回火工序对GCr15轴承钢套圈变形的影响
Effect of Adding Tempering Process on Deformation of GCr15 Bearing Steel Ring
摘 要
在GCr15轴承钢套圈原制造工艺(原材料锻造→退火→车削加工→淬火→回火→磨削→装配)磨削后增加一次回火工序(150℃×2 h回火+超精研磨),对比研究了增加回火工序前后轴承套圈的显微组织、残余应力和圆度,分析了增加回火工序对其变形的影响。结果表明:增加回火工序后,轴承套圈组织仍主要由板条马氏体、残余奥氏体和球形碳化物颗粒组成,相比于原工艺,细小碳化物颗粒数量增多,残余奥氏体含量减少;增加回火工序后,轴承套圈内外表面圆度分别减小了80%和60%,变形明显减小;增加回火工序后,套圈中的残余应力减小并趋于均匀分布,同时细小碳化物的进一步析出抑制了应变诱导马氏体相变,因此轴承套圈的变形减小,尺寸稳定性增强。
二次回火
变形
残余应力
bearing ring
second tempering
deformation
residual stress
Abstract
A tempering process (150 ℃×2 h tempering+superfinishing) was added after grinding of the original manufacturing process of GCr15 bearing steel ring (raw material forging→annealing→turning→quenching→tempering→grinding→assembly). The microstructure, residual stress and roundness of the bearing ring were studied and compared before and after adding tempering process, and the effect of adding tempering process on the deformation was analyzed. The results show that after adding tempering process, the microstructure of the bearing ring still mainly consisted of lath matensite, retained austenite and spherical carbide particles; comparing with those under the original process, the fine carbide particle amount increased and the retained austenite content decreased. After adding tempering process, the roundness of the inner and outer surfaces of the bearing ring was reduced by 80% and 60%, respectively, indicating the deformation was reduced significantly. After adding tempering process, residual stresses in the ring decreased and tended to be evenly distributed, and the further precipitation of fine carbides inhibited the strain-induced martensitic transformation, thereby the deformation of the bearing ring decreased and the dimensional stability increased.
中图分类号 TG162.71 DOI 10.11973/jxgccl202211011
所属栏目 材料性能及应用
基金项目 国家自然科学基金资助项目(52075271)
收稿日期 2022/3/3
修改稿日期 2022/10/9
网络出版日期
作者单位点击查看
联系人作者李淑欣教授
备注王一博(1998-),男,河南长垣人,硕士研究生
引用该论文: WANG Yibo,LI Shuxin,SHU Jianming,CHEN Yinjun. Effect of Adding Tempering Process on Deformation of GCr15 Bearing Steel Ring[J]. Materials for mechancial engineering, 2022, 46(11): 66～70
王一博,李淑欣,舒建明,陈银军. 增加回火工序对GCr15轴承钢套圈变形的影响[J]. 机械工程材料, 2022, 46(11): 66～70
共有人对该论文发表了看法，其中：
人认为该论文很差
人认为该论文较差
人认为该论文一般
人认为该论文较好
人认为该论文很好
参考文献
【1】FU H W,RIVERA-DÍAZ-DEL-CASTILLO P E J.A unified theory for microstructural alterations in bearing steels under rolling contact fatigue[J].Acta Materialia,2018,155:43-55.
【2】QIAN D,WANG K,LIU Q,et al.Effect of annealing parameters on microstructure and mechanical property of hot-rolled 100Cr6 bearing ring[J].Materials Science and Technology,2016,32:1086-1093.
【3】CHEN G C,WANG B K,MAO F H.Effects of raceway roundness and roller diameter errors on clearance and runout of a cylindrical roller bearing[J].Journal of Engineering Tribology,2013,227(3):275-285.
【4】关长策.滚珠轴承套圈变形校正经验[J].金属热处理,1959(2):27-27. GUAN C C.Deformation correction experience of ball bearing rings [J].Heat Treatment of Metals,1959(2):27-27.
【5】刘晓初,朱锐,梁忠伟,等. 强化研磨时间与不同装夹方式对轴承内圈尺寸变化的影响[J]. 表面技术, 2020,54(9): 1-15. LIU X C, ZHU R, LIANG Z W, et al. The influence of intensified grinding time and different clamping methods on the change of bearing inner ring size[J]. Surface Technology, 2020,54(9): 1-15.
【6】冯纪伟,王智勇,王秉楠,等.淬火方式对薄壁轴承套圈变形的影响[J].有色金属材料与工程,2018,39(3):28-31. FENG J W,WANG Z Y,WANG B N,et al.Effect of quenching methods on deformation of thin-walled bearing rings[J].Nonferrous Metal Materials and Engineering,2018,39(3):28-31.
【7】张润慧,刘树仁,杨军.热处理工艺参数对轴承套圈变形的影响[J].哈尔滨轴承,2009,30(1):32-33. ZHANG R H,LIU S R,YANG J.Influence of heat treatment technology parameters on deformation of bearing ring[J].Journal of Harbin Bearing,2009,30(1):32-33.
【8】朱鑫波,王荣祥,姚素娴,等.薄壁轴承套圈内、外径面加工工艺改进[J].轴承,2020(12):16-19. ZHU X B,WANG R X,YAO S X,et al.Improvement on processing technology for inner and outer diameter surface of thin-walled bearing rings[J].Bearing,2020(12):16-19.
【9】魏英华.8Cr4Mo4V钢热处理组织与尺寸稳定性研究[D].沈阳:沈阳工业大学,2020. WEI Y H.Study on heat treatment micro structure and dimensional stability of 8Cr4Mo4V steel[D].Shenyang:Shenyang University of Technology,2020.
【10】肖鹏.精密机床轴承基体材料热力场下组织演化与尺寸变化研究[D].武汉:武汉理工大学,2018. XIAO P.The microstructural evolution and dimensional changes of bearing materials of precision machine tools in thermodynamic field[D].Wuhan:Wuhan University of Technology,2018.
【11】蔡安源,李周,关振中,等.滚动轴承钢尺寸稳定性的研究[J].轴承,1965(3):44-55. CAI A Y,LI Z,GUAN Z Z,et al.Research on dimensional stability of rolling bearing steel[J].Bearing,1965(3):44-55.
【12】唐学哲,季建龙.热处理残留奥氏体的控制[J].金属加工(热加工),2011(21):39-40. TANG X Z,JI J L.Control of retained austenite in heat treatment[J].MW Metal Forming,2011(21):39-40.
【13】刘耀中,左传付.轴承钢零件淬回火后的残余奥氏体[J].轴承,2008(6):48-51. LIU Y Z,ZUO C F.Retained austenite after quenching and tempering of bearing steel parts[J].Bearing ,2008(6):48-51.
【14】钱坤,李兴林,李俊卿,等.高速超精密轴承尺寸稳定性与疲劳寿命试验[J].轴承,2007(3):22-25. QIAN K,LI X L,LI J Q,et al.Experimental study on dimensional stability and fatigue life of high-speed and super-precision bearings[J].Bearing,2007(3):22-25.
【15】董雨俊,胡耀昌,王延顺.精密轴承套圈附加回火工艺改进[J].哈尔滨轴承,2007,28(3):19-20. DONG Y J,HU Y C,WANG Y S.Technological improvement on additional temper of precise bearing ring[J].Journal of Harbin Bearing,2007,28(3):19-20.
【16】DE A K,MURDOCK D C,MATAYA M C,et al.Quantitative measurement of deformation-induced martensite in 304 stainless steel by X-ray diffraction[J].Scripta Materialia,2004,50(12):1445-1449.
【17】王桂.回火温度对GCr15轴承钢组织和性能的影响[J].失效分析与预防,2016,11(6):361-363. WANG G.Effect of tempering temperature on microstructure and properties of GCr15 bearing steel[J].Failure Analysis and Prevention,2016,11(6):361-363.
【18】洛阳轴承厂,洛阳轴承研究所.超精密机床轴承热处理工艺的研究:热处理工艺综合研究[J].轴承,1966(4):34-45. Luoyang Bearing Factory, Luoyang Bearing Research Institute. Study on heat treatment process of ultra-precision machine tool bearing: Comprehensive study on heat treatment process[J].Bearing ,1966(4):34-45.
【19】沈伟毅,李昭昆,龚建勋,等.Cr4Mo4V钢轴承套圈尺寸稳定性热处理试验[J].热处理技术与装备,2015,36(3):27-29. SHEN W Y,LI Z K,GONG J X,et al.Heat treatment test of size stability for bearing ring of Cr4Mo4V steel[J].Heat Treatment Technology and Equipment,2015,36(3):27-29.
【20】马超,罗海文.GCr15轴承钢热处理过程中碳化物的析出与演变行为[J].材料工程,2017,45(6):97-103. MA C,LUO H W.Precipitation and evolution behavior of carbide during heat treatments of GCr15 bearing steel[J].Journal of Materials Engineering,2017,45(6):97-103.
【21】LIU H S,WANG M H,GE X,et al.Effects of different heat treatments on transformation of residual austenite in bearing steel[J].Applied Mechanics and Materials,2014,670/671:56-60.
【22】周芳,高甲生.回火工艺对7Cr14V2铸钢组织与性能的影响[J].机械工程材料,2005,29(10):41-43. ZHOU F,GAO J S.Effect of heat treatment on the microstructure and properties of 7Cr14V2 cast steel[J].Materials for Mechanical Engineering,2005,29(10):41-43.
【23】王要利,张彦敏,宋克兴,等.回火温度对4Cr5MoSiV1Ti钢组织性能的影响[J].机械工程材料,2020,44(增刊2):24-28. WANG Y L,ZHANG Y M,SONG K X,et al.Effect of tempering temperature on microstructure and properties of 4Cr5MoSiV1Ti steel[J].Materials for Mechanical Engineering,2020,44(S2):24-28.
【24】XIAO M G,LÜ X Y,LI D H,et al.Carbides precipitation and their evolution of Cr15Co10Mo5-alloyed heat-resistant bearing steel after tempering at different temperatures[J].Journal of Iron and Steel Research International,2019,26(10):1096-1105.
【25】LU X H,LI W,WANG C L,et al.Effects of sub-zero Celsius treatment and tempering on the stability of retained austenite in bearing steel[J].Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters),2015,28(6):787-792.
【26】HUNKEL M.Tempering effects of athermal martensite during quenching and reheating of a SAE 52100 bearing steel[J].Materials Science and Engineering:A,2020,790:139601.
【27】俞蓓,罗贤国,张海涛,等.冷辗压轴承环残余应力与淬回火变形的相关性探析[J].佳木斯大学学报(自然科学版),2019,37(1):86-89. YU B,LUO X G,ZHANG H T,et al.Relevant analysis of residual stress of cold rolling bearing ring and residual stress[J].Journal of Jiamusi University (Natural Science Edition),2019,37(1):86-89.
【2】QIAN D,WANG K,LIU Q,et al.Effect of annealing parameters on microstructure and mechanical property of hot-rolled 100Cr6 bearing ring[J].Materials Science and Technology,2016,32:1086-1093.
【3】CHEN G C,WANG B K,MAO F H.Effects of raceway roundness and roller diameter errors on clearance and runout of a cylindrical roller bearing[J].Journal of Engineering Tribology,2013,227(3):275-285.
【4】关长策.滚珠轴承套圈变形校正经验[J].金属热处理,1959(2):27-27. GUAN C C.Deformation correction experience of ball bearing rings [J].Heat Treatment of Metals,1959(2):27-27.
【5】刘晓初,朱锐,梁忠伟,等. 强化研磨时间与不同装夹方式对轴承内圈尺寸变化的影响[J]. 表面技术, 2020,54(9): 1-15. LIU X C, ZHU R, LIANG Z W, et al. The influence of intensified grinding time and different clamping methods on the change of bearing inner ring size[J]. Surface Technology, 2020,54(9): 1-15.
【6】冯纪伟,王智勇,王秉楠,等.淬火方式对薄壁轴承套圈变形的影响[J].有色金属材料与工程,2018,39(3):28-31. FENG J W,WANG Z Y,WANG B N,et al.Effect of quenching methods on deformation of thin-walled bearing rings[J].Nonferrous Metal Materials and Engineering,2018,39(3):28-31.
【7】张润慧,刘树仁,杨军.热处理工艺参数对轴承套圈变形的影响[J].哈尔滨轴承,2009,30(1):32-33. ZHANG R H,LIU S R,YANG J.Influence of heat treatment technology parameters on deformation of bearing ring[J].Journal of Harbin Bearing,2009,30(1):32-33.
【8】朱鑫波,王荣祥,姚素娴,等.薄壁轴承套圈内、外径面加工工艺改进[J].轴承,2020(12):16-19. ZHU X B,WANG R X,YAO S X,et al.Improvement on processing technology for inner and outer diameter surface of thin-walled bearing rings[J].Bearing,2020(12):16-19.
【9】魏英华.8Cr4Mo4V钢热处理组织与尺寸稳定性研究[D].沈阳:沈阳工业大学,2020. WEI Y H.Study on heat treatment micro structure and dimensional stability of 8Cr4Mo4V steel[D].Shenyang:Shenyang University of Technology,2020.
【10】肖鹏.精密机床轴承基体材料热力场下组织演化与尺寸变化研究[D].武汉:武汉理工大学,2018. XIAO P.The microstructural evolution and dimensional changes of bearing materials of precision machine tools in thermodynamic field[D].Wuhan:Wuhan University of Technology,2018.
【11】蔡安源,李周,关振中,等.滚动轴承钢尺寸稳定性的研究[J].轴承,1965(3):44-55. CAI A Y,LI Z,GUAN Z Z,et al.Research on dimensional stability of rolling bearing steel[J].Bearing,1965(3):44-55.
【12】唐学哲,季建龙.热处理残留奥氏体的控制[J].金属加工(热加工),2011(21):39-40. TANG X Z,JI J L.Control of retained austenite in heat treatment[J].MW Metal Forming,2011(21):39-40.
【13】刘耀中,左传付.轴承钢零件淬回火后的残余奥氏体[J].轴承,2008(6):48-51. LIU Y Z,ZUO C F.Retained austenite after quenching and tempering of bearing steel parts[J].Bearing ,2008(6):48-51.
【14】钱坤,李兴林,李俊卿,等.高速超精密轴承尺寸稳定性与疲劳寿命试验[J].轴承,2007(3):22-25. QIAN K,LI X L,LI J Q,et al.Experimental study on dimensional stability and fatigue life of high-speed and super-precision bearings[J].Bearing,2007(3):22-25.
【15】董雨俊,胡耀昌,王延顺.精密轴承套圈附加回火工艺改进[J].哈尔滨轴承,2007,28(3):19-20. DONG Y J,HU Y C,WANG Y S.Technological improvement on additional temper of precise bearing ring[J].Journal of Harbin Bearing,2007,28(3):19-20.
【16】DE A K,MURDOCK D C,MATAYA M C,et al.Quantitative measurement of deformation-induced martensite in 304 stainless steel by X-ray diffraction[J].Scripta Materialia,2004,50(12):1445-1449.
【17】王桂.回火温度对GCr15轴承钢组织和性能的影响[J].失效分析与预防,2016,11(6):361-363. WANG G.Effect of tempering temperature on microstructure and properties of GCr15 bearing steel[J].Failure Analysis and Prevention,2016,11(6):361-363.
【18】洛阳轴承厂,洛阳轴承研究所.超精密机床轴承热处理工艺的研究:热处理工艺综合研究[J].轴承,1966(4):34-45. Luoyang Bearing Factory, Luoyang Bearing Research Institute. Study on heat treatment process of ultra-precision machine tool bearing: Comprehensive study on heat treatment process[J].Bearing ,1966(4):34-45.
【19】沈伟毅,李昭昆,龚建勋,等.Cr4Mo4V钢轴承套圈尺寸稳定性热处理试验[J].热处理技术与装备,2015,36(3):27-29. SHEN W Y,LI Z K,GONG J X,et al.Heat treatment test of size stability for bearing ring of Cr4Mo4V steel[J].Heat Treatment Technology and Equipment,2015,36(3):27-29.
【20】马超,罗海文.GCr15轴承钢热处理过程中碳化物的析出与演变行为[J].材料工程,2017,45(6):97-103. MA C,LUO H W.Precipitation and evolution behavior of carbide during heat treatments of GCr15 bearing steel[J].Journal of Materials Engineering,2017,45(6):97-103.
【21】LIU H S,WANG M H,GE X,et al.Effects of different heat treatments on transformation of residual austenite in bearing steel[J].Applied Mechanics and Materials,2014,670/671:56-60.
【22】周芳,高甲生.回火工艺对7Cr14V2铸钢组织与性能的影响[J].机械工程材料,2005,29(10):41-43. ZHOU F,GAO J S.Effect of heat treatment on the microstructure and properties of 7Cr14V2 cast steel[J].Materials for Mechanical Engineering,2005,29(10):41-43.
【23】王要利,张彦敏,宋克兴,等.回火温度对4Cr5MoSiV1Ti钢组织性能的影响[J].机械工程材料,2020,44(增刊2):24-28. WANG Y L,ZHANG Y M,SONG K X,et al.Effect of tempering temperature on microstructure and properties of 4Cr5MoSiV1Ti steel[J].Materials for Mechanical Engineering,2020,44(S2):24-28.
【24】XIAO M G,LÜ X Y,LI D H,et al.Carbides precipitation and their evolution of Cr15Co10Mo5-alloyed heat-resistant bearing steel after tempering at different temperatures[J].Journal of Iron and Steel Research International,2019,26(10):1096-1105.
【25】LU X H,LI W,WANG C L,et al.Effects of sub-zero Celsius treatment and tempering on the stability of retained austenite in bearing steel[J].Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters),2015,28(6):787-792.
【26】HUNKEL M.Tempering effects of athermal martensite during quenching and reheating of a SAE 52100 bearing steel[J].Materials Science and Engineering:A,2020,790:139601.
【27】俞蓓,罗贤国,张海涛,等.冷辗压轴承环残余应力与淬回火变形的相关性探析[J].佳木斯大学学报(自然科学版),2019,37(1):86-89. YU B,LUO X G,ZHANG H T,et al.Relevant analysis of residual stress of cold rolling bearing ring and residual stress[J].Journal of Jiamusi University (Natural Science Edition),2019,37(1):86-89.
相关信息
