某石化企业醇氨气化装置换热器在循环水冷却高压密封水过程中发生了腐蚀穿孔失效。通过对该换热管腐蚀部位材料化学成分、循环水水质质以及腐蚀产物的化学成分进行检验，分析了换热管失效的原因。结果表明：由于设计不当，该换热器壳程入口处流体流速较低，使循环水中的大量硫、氯腐蚀性离子沉淀在管道上，最终导致换热管腐蚀。通过壳程入口结构改进，腐蚀部位流速从0.7 m/s提高到1 m/s以上，使腐蚀性离子不再停滞在换热管上，从而改善了换热器的腐蚀。

A heat exchanger of an alcohol-ammonia gasification unit in a petrochemical plant suffered from corrosion and perforation failure in the process of circulating water cooling high-pressure sealing water. The failure causes of heat exchange pipes were analyzed through examinations of the chemical composition of the corroded material, circulating water quality and corrosion products. The results showed that the fluid velocity at the inlet of the heat exchanger shell side was too low due to improper design, resulting in a large number of corrosive ions of sulfur and chlorine precipitated on the pipes from the circulating water, eventually leading to the corrosion of the heat exchange pipes. Through the improvement of the shell side inlet structure, the fluid velocity at the corroded part was increased from 0.7 m/s to more than 1 m/s, so corrosive ions no longer stagnated on the heat exchange pipes, thereby improving the corrosion of the heat exchanger.