4Cr13模具钢的等温相变规律与预处理工艺优化
Isothermal Phase Transformation Characteristics and PretreatmentProcess Optimization of 4Cr13 Mold Steel
摘 要
测试了4Cr13塑料模具钢的过冷奥氏体等温转变曲线，研究了该钢的等温相变规律，分析了经过不同工艺固溶（1 010~1 090℃保温2，3 h）和球化退火（905℃×2 h奥氏体化和700~770℃保温5，8 h等温球化）预处理后的显微组织和硬度，并获得最优工艺。结果表明：在725℃下试验钢的珠光体形核孕育期最短；经1 010℃固溶处理后，组织中存在大量球状碳化物，当固溶温度为1 070~1 090℃时，碳化物基本溶解，马氏体板条束明显粗化，最优固溶工艺为1 050℃×3 h，此时碳化物占比较低且弥散分布；随着等温球化温度升高，链状碳化物数量先减少后增多，并且保温8 h后球状碳化物的分布更均匀；1 050℃固溶3 h+905℃×2 h+750℃×8 h球化退火后试验钢的球化效果最好，直径小于0.5 μm的碳化物占比约为78.92%，硬度最低，约为192 HBW。
等温相变
球化退火
固溶
4Cr13 mold steel
isothermal phase transformation
spheroidization annealing
solution
Abstract
The isothermal transformation curve of undercooling austenite of 4Cr13 plastic mold steel was tested, and the isothermal phase transformation characteristics of the steel were studied. The microstructure and hardness after pretreatment by different solution (holding at 1 010-1 090℃ for 2, 3 h) and spheroidization annealing (austenitization at 905℃ for 2 h and isothermal spheroidization at 700-770℃ for 5 h and 8 h) were analyzed, and the optimal process was obtained. The results show that the at 725℃ the test steel had the shortest nucleation and incubation period. After solution at 1 010℃, there were a lot of spherical carbides in the structure. After soluted at 1 070-1 090℃, the carbides were basically dissolved, and the martensite lath bundles were significantly coarsened. The optimal solution process was 1 050℃ ×3 h, and the carbides was dispersely distributed with relatively low proportion. As the isothermal spheroidization temperature increased, the number of chain shaped carbides decreased first and then increased, and the distribution of spherical carbides was more uniform after holding for 8 h. After solution at 1 050℃ for 3 h and spheroidization annealing by 905℃×2 h+750℃×8 h, the spheroidization effect of the test steel was the best; the proportion of carbides with a diameter less than 0.5 μm was about 78.92%, and the hardness was the lowest of about 192 HBW.
中图分类号 TG113 DOI 10.11973/jxgccl202309005
所属栏目 试验研究
基金项目 江苏省高校青蓝工程优秀青年骨干教师项目；江苏省工业感知及智能制造装备工程研究中心重点项目（ZK22-05-04）；江苏风力发电工程技术中心开放基金资助项目（ZK22-03-02）
收稿日期 2022/4/15
修改稿日期 2023/7/24
网络出版日期
作者单位点击查看
备注施渊吉(1989-),男,江苏如东人,副教授,博士
引用该论文: SHI Yuanji,ZHANG Zhen,YANG Haibo,LYU Chuanjiang. Isothermal Phase Transformation Characteristics and PretreatmentProcess Optimization of 4Cr13 Mold Steel[J]. Materials for mechancial engineering, 2023, 47(9): 26～32
施渊吉,张振,杨海波,吕穿江. 4Cr13模具钢的等温相变规律与预处理工艺优化[J]. 机械工程材料, 2023, 47(9): 26～32
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【2】吕穿江, 吴晓春.高级镜面塑料模具钢研究现状及展望[J].模具制造, 2017, 17(10):93-98. LYU C J, WU X C.Research status and prospect of advanced mirror plastic mold steel[J].Die & Mould Manufacture, 2017, 17(10):93-98.
【3】李爱农, 周丹, 赵玉宏, 等.几种预硬塑料模具钢的组织与性能对比[J].机械工程材料, 2012, 36(10):50-53. LI A N, ZHOU D, ZHAO Y H, et al.Comparison for microstructure and properties of several pre-hardened plastic mould steels[J].Materials for Mechanical Engineering, 2012, 36(10):50-53.
【4】施渊吉, 王晓勇, 滕宏春, 等.新型热锻模用材DM钢的热处理工艺[J].金属热处理, 2019, 44(2):100-108. SHI Y J, WANG X Y, TENG H C, et al.Heat treatment process of a novel DM hot forging die steel[J].Heat Treatment of Metals, 2019, 44(2):100-108.
【5】常永, 李立, 吴少君, 等.球化温度对4Cr5Mo2V热作模具钢组织和性能的影响[J].金属热处理, 2021, 46(3):46-50. CHANG Y, LI L, WU S J, et al.Effect of spheroidizing temperature on microstructure and properties of 4Cr5Mo2V hot work die steel[J].Heat Treatment of Metals, 2021, 46(3):46-50.
【6】郝宪朝, 高明, 张龙, 等.退火态12Cr13不锈钢显微组织及其对冲击韧性的影响[J].金属学报, 2011, 47(7):912-916. HAO X C, GAO M, ZHANG L, et al.Microstructure of annealed 12Cr13 stainless steel and its effect on the impact toughness[J].Acta Metallurgica Sinica, 2011, 47(7):912-916.
【7】相黎阳, 迟宏宵, 马党参, 等.大截面4Cr13V耐蚀塑料模具钢的组织和性能[J].钢铁, 2015, 50(7):92-99. XIANG L Y, CHI H X, MA D S, et al.Microstructure and properties of 4Cr13V corrosion resistant plastic mold steel with a large section[J].Iron & Steel, 2015, 50(7):92-99.
【8】连勇, 黄进峰, 张宝燕, 等.退火条件对H13钢球化组织与力学性能的影响[J].材料热处理学报, 2015, 36(3):118-124. LIAN Y, HUANG J F, ZHANG B Y, et al.Effect of annealing process on spheroidized microstructure and mechanical properties of H13 steel[J].Transactions of Materials and Heat Treatment, 2015, 36(3):118-124.
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【10】ZHU G H, ZHENG G.Directly spheroidizing during hot deformation in GCr15 steels[J].Frontiers of Materials Science in China, 2008, 2(1):72-75.
【11】KARMAZIN L.Experimental study of the austenitization process of hypereutectoid steel alloyed with small amounts of silicon, manganese and chromium, and with an initial structure of globular cementite in a ferrite matrix[J].Materials Science and Engineering:A, 1991, 142(1):71-77.
【12】GANG U G, LEE J C, NAM W J.Effect of prior microstructures on the behavior of cementite particles during subcritical annealing of medium carbon steels[J].Metals and Materials International, 2009, 15(5):719-725.
【13】MATUSIEWICZ P, AUGUSTYN-NADZIEJA J, CZARSKI A, et al.Kinetics of pearlite spheroidization[J].Archives of Metallurgy and Materials, 2017, 62(1):231-234.
【14】ZHANG X G, MIYAMOTO G, KANESHITA T, et al.Growth mode of austenite during reversion from martensite in Fe-2Mn-1.5Si-0.3C alloy:A transition in kinetics and morphology[J].Acta Materialia, 2018, 154:1-13.
【15】TOJI Y, MATSUDA H, HERBIG M, et al.Atomic-scale analysis of carbon partitioning between martensite and austenite by atom probe tomography and correlative transmission electron microscopy[J].Acta Materialia, 2014, 65:215-228.
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【18】于新攀.预相变对中碳超细贝氏体钢相变行为及其热稳定性的影响[D].北京:北京科技大学, 2021. YU X P.Effect of pre-transformation on phase transformation behavior and thermal stability of medium carbon ultrafine bainite steel[D].Beijing:University of Science and Technology Beijing, 2021.
【19】陈梽雄, 左鹏鹏, 闵娜, 等.4Cr5Mo2V钢贝氏体等温相变动力学[J].材料热处理学报, 2018, 39(5):147-153. CHEN Z X, ZUO P P, MIN N, et al.Bainite isothermal transformation kinetics of 4Cr5Mo2V steel[J].Transactions of Materials and Heat Treatment, 2018, 39(5):147-153.
【20】RANGER C S, TARI V, FARJAMI S, et al.Austenite reconstruction elucidates prior grain size dependence of toughness in a low alloy steel[J].Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, 2018, 49(10):4521-4535.
【21】WU X, ZHAO Z Y, XUE R D. Carbide behavior in 5Cr15MoV steel during the isothermal and slow cooling process of spheroidization annealing[J]. Transactions of Materials & Heat Treatment, 2014, 35(10):98-102.
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