在捞油施工作业过程中,某采油厂捞油车钢丝绳突然断裂。采用宏观观察、化学成分分析、金相检验、拉伸试验、整绳破断拉力试验、扫描电镜分析等方法研究了钢丝绳断裂原因。结果表明:钢丝绳钢丝表面存在大量磨损挤压损伤,断裂面呈剪切破坏和扭转-拉伸疲劳破坏形貌特征,断裂面裂纹与轴向夹角呈45°;在使用过程中,钢丝表面磨损挤压处萌生初始裂纹,在扭转-拉伸载荷的作用下,钢丝绳松捻结构被破坏,产生了应力集中,最终导致钢丝绳断裂。

The wire rope of an oil extraction truck suddenly broke during the oil extraction operation in an oil extraction plant. The fracture reasons of wire rope were studied by macroscopic observation, chemical composition analysis, metallographic examination, tensile test, whole rope breaking tensile test and scanning electron microscope analysis. The results show that there were a large number of wear and extrusion damage on the surface of steel wire rope, the fracture surface was characterized by shear failure and torsion-tensile fatigue failure, and the angle between the fracture surface crack and the axial direction was 45°. In the process of use, the initial cracks were initiated at the wear and extrusion of the steel wire surface. Under the action of torsion-tensile load, the loose twist structure of the steel wire rope was destroyed, resulting in stress concentration, which eventually led to the fracture of the steel wire rope.