采用强制流动热梯度化学气相渗透法在1000~1250℃制备了密度梯度碳/碳复合材料;借助三点弯曲试验和激光闪烁法测定了复合材料的弯曲性能与导热系数, 用偏光显微镜及扫描电子显微镜观察了基体热解碳的组织结构及断口形貌。结果表明:该复合材料上层的最大密度为1.65g·cm-3, 下层的最小密度为1.10g·cm-3, 具有明显的密度梯度;复合材料的密度越大, 抗弯强度越高;其导热系数也随密度的增加而增大;沉积温度是影响基体热解碳组织的主要因素, 高温有利于粗糙层热解碳的生成, 而低温有利于光滑层热解碳的生成。

Density gradient carbon/carbon composites were infiltrated using forced flow thermal gradient chemical vapor infiltration in the range of 1000-1250 ℃. Flexural strength and thermal conductivity were determined by 3 point bending test and laser flashing method. Microstructure of deposited pyrolytic carbon and morphology of fracture surface were observed by polarized light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The results show that maximal density of upper part of the composites was 1.65g·cm-3, while miniumum density of bottom part was 1.10g·cm-3, and obvions density gradient was found. Flexural strength and coefficient of thermal conductivity increased with the increase of density of the composites. The deposition temperature had a great impact on the microstructure of the pyolytic carbon. A higher temperature was favourable for the formation of rough layer hydrocarbon, while a lower temperature was favourable for the formation of smooth layerhy drocarbon.