日趋突出的环境问题已成为制约我国国民经济发展的重要因素，而交通领域的机动车排放污染已成为目前困扰我国环境空气复合型污染的主要成因之一，大力发展新能源汽车不但能减少交通领域的污染物排放，更是实现我国传统汽车工业转型的重要手段。介绍了近些年美国、日本和我国的新能源汽车发展路线及应用推广情况，在此基础上介绍了主流混合动力汽车、纯电动汽车等新能源汽车的技术原理及相关技术，并分析了各自优缺点及目前制约其发展的因素。

The increasingly prominent environmental problem has become an important factor for the development of national economy. Emission in transportation sector has become one of the main causes of air pollution. Development of new energy vehicles can reduce emission in transportation sector and is an important mean to achieve the transformation of China's automotive industry. This paper introduces the United States, Japan, and China's new energy vehicle roadmap and the situation of application these years d in recent years development and popularization of the route。On this basis, a detailed introduction to the mainstream hybrid vehicles, pure electric vehicles and other new energy vehicle technology principle and related technologies, and analyzes their advantages and disadvantages and factors currently restrict development.