为深入理解工件内脱粘状态与检测回波信号间的关联，使用有限元模拟技术对超声脉冲反射法检测粘接缺陷的工艺参数进行了计算分析。对超声检测时的激励信号进行了定量描述，经采样后将其作为位移载荷加载于探头区域内。首先对良好粘接工件，计算了探头接收到的检测回波信号；然后使用窄脉宽信号进行再次分析；最后，对工件中存在不同尺寸的脱粘情况进行了计算，将检测回波信号进行了对照分析。有限元模拟结果表明：使用脉冲反射法对钢铅两层金属间较薄的粘接层进行检测时，需要有效提高探头的分辨力，以识别出钢层一次与二次回波间的粘接层回波信号，使用此信号幅值可定量反映脱粘大小。

To recover the relationship between the received testing signals received and the inner state of adhesive, finite element method is used to calculate and analyze the process of ultrasonic testing of bonded parts. Excitation signal in ultrasonic testing is quantitatively described, and then it is sampled and applied as a displacement load to the probe area. First, ultrasonic testing of bonds with good adhesion is calculated and the corresponding echo signal received by the probe is determined; then, the testing is analyzed again by using a more narrow pulse; finally, testing of several adhesive bonds with different de-bonding state is evaluated and the received signals are compared. The results show that it is necessary to enhance the resolution of the probe in order to evaluate the quality of thin adhesive layer between steel layer and lead layer. Then, signal related with adhesive bonds can be identified, and this signal can be used to evaluate de-bonding quantitatively.