从成分、物相、组织结构和力学性能测试分析以及抗热震性能试验等方面, 比较两种典型支柱绝缘子陶瓷材料的组织结构与性能的不同特点。结果表明: 硅质绝缘子陶瓷材料中莫来石相含量高, 气孔数量高, 圆整度低, 致密度低, SiO2颗粒与基体基本脱粘;而铝质绝缘子陶瓷材料中刚玉含量高, 气孔含量少, 圆整度高, 组织较更致密, 且Al2O3颗粒与基体结合紧密。铝质瓷的抗弯强度和弹性模量较大, 而硅质瓷的抗热震性更高。

Microstructures and properties of two typical stanchion insulator ceramics were investigated by means of analysis on chemical composition, phase, microstructure, mechanical properties and thermal shock resistance. The results showed that for the siliceous insulator ceramics, they had more mullite in phase composition and lower density. The amount of the pores was larger and the roundness of them was lower. Moreover, the remained silica particles were embedded into ceramic matrix. On the Contrary, the alumina insulator ceramics were richer in Al2O3, having less pores and higher density. The pores in them were more spherical, and the remained Al2O3 particles contacted tightly with the matrix. Therefore, the alumina insulator ceramics had higher bending strength and elastic modulus, but the siliceous insulator ceramics had higher thermal shock resistance.