以铝青铜为基体材料、铜镍合金粉为涂层材料, 采用数值模拟方法模拟了激光熔覆过程中温度场的分布, 探讨了工艺参数对温度场的影响, 进而优化了工艺参数并进行了试验验证。结果表明: 当激光扫描速度不变时, 激光功率与熔覆层峰值温度呈正比关系, 对分布场分布影响不大; 激光功率相同时, 预热温度和光斑直径、扫描速度分别与峰值温度呈正比和反比关系; 在激光熔覆试验中, 当预热温度为200 ℃、激光功率从3 800 W逐渐降低到2 000 W、光斑直径为4 mm、激光扫描速度为6~8 mm·s-1时, 可获得良好的熔覆效果。

Using aluminum bronze as the base material, copper-nickel alloy powders as the coating material, the distribution of temperature field was simulated in the process of laser cladding by numerical simulation technology. The effects of process parameters on the temperature field were investigated. The process parameters were optimized and then validated. The results show that the peak temperature of the cladding layer was in proportion to the elevation of laser power when the scanning speed was constant. When the laser power was the same, the peak temperature was in proportion the preheating temperature and the spot diameter, while in inverse proportion to the scanning speed. A good laser cladding could be obtained when the preheating temperature was 200 ℃, the laser power was gradually decreased from 3 800 W to 2 000 W in the laser cladding process, the diameter of laser spot was 4 mm and laser scanning speed was 6-8 mm·s-1.