利用X射线应力测定仪采用不同的条件分别测定了304不锈钢薄壁焊管的表面轴向和切向残余应力, 并研究了950 ℃保温30 min水冷热处理前后其表面残余应力的变化。结果表明: 采用铬靶Kβ辐射、 2 mm准直管测得的残余应力数据稳定且绝对误差小; 热处理前薄壁焊管表面存在较大的残余拉应力, 且焊管表面切向残余应力大于轴向残余应力; 热处理后, 表面拉应力变为压应力。

Axial and tangential surface residual stresses of 304 stainless steel thin-wall welded pipe were measured by X-ray stress tester through different methods. The surface residual stress change of the alloy before and after heat treated at 950 ℃ for 30 min and water cooling was studied. The results show that the data was stable and absolute error was small by the method of Cr Kβ and radiation  2 mm collimator. There was large residual tensile stress on the surface of the 304 stainless steel thin-wall welded pipe before heat treatment. And the tangential residual stress was greater than the axial residual stress. The surface residual tensile stress changed to compressive stress after heat treatment.