从试验角度讨论采用X射线衍射法测试轧板表面残余应力时遇到的一些问题。用X射线衍射法测试织构材料的表面残余应力时会出现2θ-sin2ψ震荡现象, 但是测得的应力数据与加工工艺仍保持对应, 反映出不同工艺对板材表面残余应力的影响。考虑到在较大的ψ角范围内缩小各衍射峰强度差异, 对于面心立方钢铁材料宜选用(311)晶面测试。增加测试的ψ角站数也有助于得到好的应力测试效果。

Some problems were discussed on the measurement of residual stress in rolling plate by X-ray diffraction. The phenomenon of 2θ-sin2ψ oscillation would appear in texture materials, while the data by X-ray diffraction still could reflect the difference of the residual stress resulted from various processes. Considering the identity of diffraction at various ψ, (311) may be the proper (hkl) for face-centered metals, and more ψ information was helpful to get better data of the residual stress.