对铸造TC4钛合金进行电子束焊接, 使用X射线衍射法对焊后母材、热影响区以及焊缝的表面残余应力分布状况进行测试和分析。结果表明: 垂直于焊缝方向的测试点上, 焊缝及热影响区在横、纵两个方向上主要存在拉应力; 剪切应力数值均在±50 MPa范围内, 可以认为对焊缝性能没有影响。沿焊缝长度方向的测试点上, 无论横向应力还是纵向应力, 焊缝起始端的应力值要低于焊缝终止端的应力值。纵向残余应力表现为拉应力, 横向残余应力由压应力逐渐向拉应力方向转变。

Cast TC4 alloy were welded by electron beam welding, and residual stress in matrix, heat affect zone and joint was tested by X-ray diffraction method. The results showed that there were tensile stress in joint and heat affect zone in transverse direction and longitudinal direction, where testing points were perpendicular to welding line, the shear stress values were in the scale of ±50 MPa, which had no effect on mechanical property of the joint. Testing point along the welding line, whether transverse or longitudinal stress, stress in start of welding joint was lower than which in the end of welding joint. Longitudinal stress was tensile stress, and transverse compress stress change to tensile stress gradually.