文章采用显式有限元法、三维Tsai-Wu失效准则和刚度折算准则来模拟T300/QY8911矩形层压板低速冲击下逐渐损伤的过程，预测了复合材料冲击损伤的程度。根据HB 72242—1995《复合材料构件通用技术条件》、GJB 28952—1997《碳纤维复合材料层合板和层合件通用规范》要求制作冲击试样，进行低能量冲击试验。采用超声C扫描检测不同能量冲击作用造成的损伤，将有限元计算结果和超声C扫描检测结果进行对比。结果表明，在损伤面积尺寸确定方面，有限元分析的结果和超声C扫描检测结果吻合较好，三维Tsai-Wu失效准则和刚度折算准则适合模拟分析碳纤维复合材料板冲击损伤，超声C扫描检测可以较好地检测出冲击能量高于4.5 J的分层损伤。

In the paper, explicit finite element method, three-dimensional Tsai-Wu failure criterion and material stiffness criteria for conversion were used to simulate the impact damage process of the rectangular laminates T300/QY8911, and to predict the extend of impact damage. According to the standards of ‘the general technical specifications of HB 72242—1995 composite structures’ and ‘the general specification of GJB 28952—1997 carbon fiber composite laminates’, the impact specimens were designed, and low-energy impact experiments were carried out. The ultrasonic C scan was used to detect the damages of different impact energy, and compared with the results of finite element method. It showed that the results of finite element simulation were consistent with those of the ultrasonic C scan test on the size of damage areas. Three-dimensional Tsai-Wu failure criterion for damage and material stiffness criteria for conversion were also proved by the experiment results, When the energy reached more than 4.5 J, the delamination of impact damage could be detected by the ultrasonic C scan testing.