在介绍铁路钢轨无损检测技术发展历程的基础上，针对传统超声波检测技术的不足，重点综述了目前国内外钢轨无损检测新技术的研究应用情况，主要包括激光超声技术、电磁超声技术、相控阵列超声技术、超声导波技术、声发射技术、电磁检测技术、光学图像检测技术、光纤传感器检测技术和轮轨相互作用监测技术等。最后通过对不同无损检测技术的分析对比，讨论了未来钢轨无损检测技术的发展趋势。

Rails are the foundation of railway transportation. The defects of rails directly and seriously affect the safety of railroad vehicles. The history and present situation of rails non-destructive inspection were introduced. For the issues of the traditional ultrasonic inspection method, the recent developments of rails non-destructive new techniques were reviewed, including the laser ultrasonic technique, the phased array ultrasonic technique, the electromagnetic acoustic technique, the ultrasonic guided waves technique, the acoustic emission technique, the electromagnetic measurement technique, the optical image and visual inspection technique, the fiber optical sensors measurement technique and vehicle-track interaction monitoring technique. With the analysis and comparison of the different non-destructive methods, the future developments of rails non-destructive inspection technique were discussed.