用于X射线防护的天然橡胶/钨复合材料的制备及性能
Preparation and Properties of Natural Rubber/Tungsten Composites Used for X-ray Shielding
摘 要
以天然橡胶及微米/亚微米级钨粉为原料制备了用于X射线防护的天然橡胶/钨复合材料,并对复合材料的微观形貌、硫化性能、静态力学性能、动态力学性能及X射线防护性能进行了研究.结果表明:钨粉可均匀地分散于橡胶基体中,并影响复合材料的硫化过程;在挤出过程中,挤出料温度不宜高于115 ℃,硫化温度控制在145 ℃可兼顾材料的硫化速度并避免硫化返原;亚微米级的钨粉颗粒表现出了明显的补强作用,使材料能够承受更大的破坏应力及破坏形变;钨粉粒径及填充量的改变并未影响天然橡胶/钨复合材料的玻璃化转变温度;较细的粉体粒径及较高的填充量有利于延长X射线在天然橡胶/钨复合材料中的反射路径及穿透距离,从而提高复合材料的X射线防护性能.
钨
X射线防护性能
硫化性能
静态力学性能
动态力学性能
natural rubber
tungsten
X-ray shielding performance
curing characteristics
static mechanical property
dynamic mechanical property
Abstract
Natural rubber/tungsten composites based on natural rubber and micro-/submicro-sized tungsten particles were prepared to use for X-ray shielding.The microstructure,curing characteristics,static mechanical properties,dynamic mechanical properties and X-ray shielding performance of the composites were systematically investigated.The results indicate that the tungsten powders homogeneously distributed in the rubber matrix and influenced the curing process of the compositions.The temperature of compounds should be kept below 115 ℃ during the extrusion process.In consideration of curing rate and reversion,145 ℃ was necessary for curing process.The damage and deformation resistances of the composites were obviously enhanced because of the reinforcing effect of submicro-sized tungsten particles.The glass transition temperature of the composites was not influenced by the change of the tungsten particle size and loading.Higher loading and finer size of tungsten particles lengthened the zigzag reflection path and transmission distance and hence improved the X-ray shielding performance of the composites.
中图分类号 TQ336.8
所属栏目 新材料新工艺
基金项目
收稿日期 2015/2/6
修改稿日期 2015/3/16
网络出版日期
作者单位点击查看
备注赵国璋(1982-),男,山东昌邑人,博士.
引用该论文: ZHAO Guo-zhang. Preparation and Properties of Natural Rubber/Tungsten Composites Used for X-ray Shielding[J]. Materials for mechancial engineering, 2015, 39(5): 48～53
赵国璋. 用于X射线防护的天然橡胶/钨复合材料的制备及性能[J]. 机械工程材料, 2015, 39(5): 48～53
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【4】NOOR AZMAN N Z,SIDDIQUI S A,IONESCU M,et al.Synthesis and characterisation of ion-implanted epoxy composites for X-ray shielding[J].Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B:Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms,2012,287:120-123.
【5】FLYNN D F,GOANS R E.Nuclear terrorism:triage and medical management of radiation and combined-injury casualties[J].Surgical Clinics of North America,2006,86(3):601-636.
【6】STUKENBROEKER G L,BONILLA C F,PETERSON R W.The use of lead as a shielding material[J].Nuclear Engineering and Design,1970,13(1):3-145.
【7】YANG Y,LU X S,LI D L,et al.Effects of environmental lead pollution on blood lead and sex hormone levels among occupationally exposed group in an e-waste dismantling area[J].Biomedical and Environmental Sciences,2013,26(6):474-484.
【8】CHENG H,HU Y.Lead (Pb) isotopic fingerprinting and its applications in lead pollution studies in China:a review[J].Environmental Pollution,2010,158(5):1134-1146.
【9】CAO S,DUAN X,ZHAO X,et al.Isotopic ratio based source apportionment of children′s blood lead around coking plant area[J].Environ Int,2014,73:158-166.
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