超声提取-改进BCR法测定PM2.5中6种重金属元素的化学形态
Determination of Chemical Speciation of 6 Heavy Metals in PM2.5 with Ultrasonic Extraction-Modified BCR Procedure
摘 要
应用改进的BCR法对大气微颗粒物(PM2.5)进行分析,用超声法代替原来的机械振荡法,对所采得的微颗粒物样品中6种重金属元素(铜、锌、铅、镉、镍、铬)的4种化学形态(酸可交换态F1,可还原态F2,可氧化态F3及残渣态F4)进行分别提取,所得各形态溶液中的金属元素含量用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定.结果表明:超声提取法的提取时间仅为30 min(对F1及F2)和20 min(对F3),而原方法需16 h;而且超声提取的效率较高,是原方法的89.5%~133%;6种元素的化学形态测定结果的相对标准偏差(n=8)均小于25%.此外,样品中的元素形态总量(ng·m-3)与元素全量(ng·m-3)之间的偏差在-30.7%~-11.5%之间.
改进BCR法
PM2.5微颗粒物
重金属元素
化学形态
Ultrasono-extraction
The modified BCR method
PM2.5 Microparticles
Heavy metals
Chemical speciation
Abstract
Ultrasono-extraction was used to substitute the original shaking extraction to extract separately the 4 species (the acid-exchangeable species F1,the reducible species F2,the oxidizable species F3 and the residual species F4) of 6 heavy metals (i.e.,Cu,Zn,Pb,Cd,Ni and Cr) in PM2.5 micro particles by the modified BCR method.ICP-MS was applied to the determination of the 6 metal ions of various chemical species in the extracts.It was shown that the ultrasono-extraction not only requires less time for extraction (requiring only 30 min for F1,F2 and 20 min for F3 instead of 16 h in the original procedure),but also has higher extraction efficiency (amounting to 89.5%-133% as referring to the original procedure),and better precision [having values of RSD′s (n=8) for the 6 cations in various chemical species less than 25%] and satisfactory accuracy [giving relative deviation between values of the total amount (in ng·m-3) of the 4 chemical species and the total amounts (in ng·m-3) of the metals in the sample ranged from -30.7% to -11.5%].
中图分类号 O657.63 DOI 10.11973/lhjy-hx201508031
所属栏目 专题报道(环境监测)
基金项目 天津市科学技术委员会重点项目(13ZCZDSF14600)
收稿日期 2014/9/17
修改稿日期
网络出版日期
作者单位点击查看
备注杨华(1981-),女,河北唐山人,工程师,硕士,主要从事环境中痕量重金属监测工作.
引用该论文: YANG Hua,WU Yu-feng,WANG Jing,YAN Rong-xin,ZHANG Yong-gang. Determination of Chemical Speciation of 6 Heavy Metals in PM2.5 with Ultrasonic Extraction-Modified BCR Procedure[J]. Physical Testing and Chemical Analysis part B:Chemical Analysis, 2015, 51(8): 1154～1158
杨华,吴宇峰,王静,闫荣馨,张永刚. 超声提取-改进BCR法测定PM2.5中6种重金属元素的化学形态[J]. 理化检验－化学分册, 2015, 51(8): 1154～1158
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参考文献
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【19】甘志勇,农耀京,彭靖茹,等.超声提取-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定土壤中有效态镉[J].理化检验-化学分册,2013,49(11):1315-1317．
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【22】DD 2005-03生态地球化学评价样品分析技术要求(试行)[S]．
【2】空气和废气监测分析方法指南编委会编.空气和废气监测分析方法(增补版)[M].4版.北京:中国环境科学出版社,2007．
【3】张美秀,刘宛宜,张振斌,等.长春市大气中PM2.5的重金属形态分析[J].吉林大学学报:理学版,2013,51(4):735-738．
【4】GB 3095-2012环境空气质量标准[S]．
【5】HJ 657-2013空气和废气 颗粒物中铅等金属元素的测定电感耦合等离子体质谱法[S]．
【6】关天霞,何红波,张旭东,等.土壤中重金属元素形态分析方法及形态分布的影响因素[J].土壤通报,2011,42(2):503-511．
【7】TESSIER A,CAMPBELL P G C,BISSON M.Sequential extraction procedure for the speciation of particulate trace metals[J].Analytical Chemistry,1979,51:844-851．
【8】RAURET G,RUBIO R,LPEZ-SNCHEZ J F.Optimization of Tessier procedure for metal solid speciation in river sediments[J].Trends in Analytical Chemistry,1989,36:69-83．
【9】RAURET G,LPEZ-SNCHEZ J F,SAHUQUILLO A,et al.Improvement of the BCR three-step sequential extraction procedure prior to the certification of new sediment and soil reference materials[J].Journal of Environmental Monitoring,1999,1:57-61．
【10】张美秀,刘宛宜,张振斌,等.长春市大气中PM2.5的重金属形态分析[J].吉林大学学报:理学版,2013,51(4):735-738．
【11】王文全,朱新萍,郑春霞,等.乌鲁木齐市采暖期大气PM10及PM2.5中Cd的形态分析[J].光谱学与光谱分析,2012,32(1):235-238．
【12】冯茜丹,党志,吕玄文.大气PM2.5中重金属的化学形态分析[J].生态环境学报,2011,20(6/7):1048-1051．
【13】钱枫,杨仪方,张慧峰.北京交通环境PM10分布特征及重金属形态分析[J].环境科学研究,2011,24(6):608-614．
【14】任萍,汪明启.改进BCR法在分析水系沉积物样品铅形态中的应用[J].物探与化探,2004,28(3):222-223．
【15】马丹,王宗芳,孙福生.微波萃取土壤中重金属形态的分析研究[J].苏州科技学员学报:工程技术版,2007,20(4):37-43．
【16】DAVIDSON C M,DELEVOYE G.Effect of ultrasonic agitation on the release of copper,iron,manganese and zinc from soil and sediment using the BCR three-stage sequential extraction[J].J Environ Monit,2001,3(4):398-403．
【17】IPOLYI I,BRUNORI C,CREMISINI C,et al.Evaluation of performance of time-saving extraction devices in the BCR three-step sequential extraction procedure[J].J Environ Monit,2002,4(4):541-548．
【18】KAZI T G,JAMALI M K,SIDDIQUI A,et al.An ultrasonic assested extraction method to release heavy metal from untreated sewage sludge samples[J].Chemosphere,2006,63(3):411-420．
【19】甘志勇,农耀京,彭靖茹,等.超声提取-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定土壤中有效态镉[J].理化检验-化学分册,2013,49(11):1315-1317．
【20】马莎,杨晓梅,杨光宇.灯盏花中重金属元素的化学形态及分布[J].理化检验-化学分册,2010,46(2):133-135．
【21】HJ 168-2010环境监测分析方法标准制修订技术导则[S]．
【22】DD 2005-03生态地球化学评价样品分析技术要求(试行)[S]．
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