无损检测与评价的可靠性取决于检测过程的可靠性。采用适宜的质量控制技术对检测过程的抽样、检测人员、检测仪器、检测数据和缺陷评定等因素进行分析与控制，可以提高检测与评价结果的准确性及可靠性。简要介绍了统计抽样、测量系统分析、不确定度评定、故障树与事件树分析等质量控制技术的理论及应用方法，并结合无损检测与评价过程进行了讨论。

The reliability of nondestructive testing and evaluation (NDT&E) relies on the inspection process. The accuracy and reliability can be improved greatly if the appropriate quality control techniques are used to analyze and control factors during inspection process such as sampling, inspector, equipment, inspection data, defect evaluation, and so on. The theories and application methods of some quality control techniques are introduced briefly, such as statistical sample, measurement system analysis, evaluation of measurement uncertainty, fault tree analysis and even tree analysis, and their application in NDT&E is discussed.