通过金相观察和透射电镜分析，研究了奥氏体304不锈钢试样拉伸变形过程中发生马氏体相变和位错增殖对材料磁性的影响。运用铁素体检测仪和磁记忆检测仪分别研究了马氏体相在试样内的分布规律和试样表面磁场强度分布特征。结果表明，奥氏体304不锈钢发生形变诱发马氏体相变后，试样表面的磁场强度分布特征与马氏体相分布规律之间具有明显的对应关系，试样表面磁场强度变化可反映材料内的组织变化与应力集中情况。磁记忆检测技术可以应用于奥氏体304不锈钢的组织变化检测分析，并有效地诊断材料中的应力集中区。

By metallographic examination and transmission electron microscope analysis, the effects of martensite phase transformation and dislocation multiplication of austenitic 304 stainless steel during the tensile strain process were investigated. Ferritic detector and metal magnetic memory technology were used to analyze the distribution of martensite phase in specimen and the distribution of magnetic density on the specimen surface, respectively. The results showed that a corresponding relation existed between the martensite phase distribution and magnetic density distribution of austenite 304 stainless steel containing deformation induced martensite transformation. The magnetic density change can reflect the morphology change and stress concentration in material. Metal magnetic memory technology can be used to analyze the microstructure change of austenite 304 stainless steel. The stress concentration position can be diagnosed effectively.