利用X射线应力测试仪分别测定了TP304不锈钢无缝薄壁管管身的表面轴向和切向残余应力,并分析了表面残余应力的形成原因。结果表明：该不锈钢管表面存在较大的残余应力，且分布极不均匀；另管表面的切向残余应力大于轴向残余应力，前者为后者的1.5~2.5倍；该不锈钢管生产过程中的冷拔、冷矫直等工艺、固溶保温时间不足以及钢管表面存在局部缺陷等都是导致其表面残余应力较大的原因。

Axial and tangential surface residual stress of TP304 stainless steel thin wall tube was measured with X-ray stress tester and reasons for the formation of the residual stress on the surface of the stainless steel pipe was analyzed. The results show that there was large residual stress on the surface of this TP304 stainless steel thin wall tube and distributing of it was very asymmetrical. In addition, the tangential surface residual stress of the stainless steel pipe was 1.5-2.5 times larger than the axial surface residual stress. Cold drawn and cold straightening process, shorter holding time of solution treatment, and the local surface defects of the pipe together resulted in the large residual stress on the surface of this TP304 stainless steel thin wall tube.