漏磁检测技术通常测量垂直和平行于缺陷表面的漏磁场分量, 来实现对缺陷的定量分析。然而, 对于钢轨表面的复杂裂纹, 传统的方法很难准确检测。为了克服这种检测方法存在的不足, 采用三维磁场测量方法以及有限元法对缺陷漏磁场的三维分布情况进行了分析。在此基础上设计了一套适合钢轨表面缺陷检测的三维漏磁检测系统, 并对人工缺陷样例进行了检测。结果表明, 漏磁信号垂直分量包含重要的缺陷信息, 特别是对于与钢轨走向不垂直的缺陷。

Magnetic flux leakage(MFL) testing method usually measures the two components of MFL of being perpendicular and parallel to the surface defect of MFL to quantitatively detect the defects. However, it is very difficult to quantitatively detect the complex surface defects in rail track by the traditional method. In order to overcome the disadvantage of this method, the three-dimensional (3D) magnetic field measurement method and finite element analysis(FEA) were used to analyze the distribution of MFL. A 3D detecting system for rail surface defect was designed to test samples with several artificial defects samples. The results showed that perpendicular component contained important defect information, especially for the defects non-vertical to the rail track.