采用DEFORM-3D有限元软件模拟了2Cr18Ni8W2不锈钢在两种精锻工艺下的温度和等效应变分布, 分析了工艺条件对精锻过程中温度场和应变场的影响, 并进行了试验验证。结果表明: 采用优化工艺条件锻造时钢坯表面及内部温度均比现场工艺条件下的低, 其内部应变分布也比现场工艺条件下的均匀; 在精锻过程中增加倒数第二道次的变形量会导致锻造后的钢坯内部应变分布的不均匀性, 造成晶粒大小不均, 从而引起探伤误报警; 采用优化工艺条件锻造后的圆棒经探伤完全合格, 其组织均匀, 在等轴晶的内部出现大量的形变孪晶。

The temperature and equivalent strain distribution of 2Cr18Ni8W2 stainless steel bar in two different precision forging processes were simulated by the DEFORM-3D finite element analysis software. The effects of forging process condition on the temperature field and strain field during precision forging process were analyzed and then verified by experimental results. The results show that the temperatures on the surface and inner of the billet in the optimized forging process were lower than those in the on-site process, and the strain distribution in the billet was also more homogeneous than that in on-site process. The deformation increase in the penultimate pass during the precision forging process would increase the uneven distribution of the strain in the billet after the last pass, initiating the grain size nonuniformity, and then resulted in ultrasonic test misinformation. The stainless steel bar forged with optimized process passed the ultrasonic test. The microstructure was uniform and the deformation twin was observed inside the isometric crystal.