以硝酸镍为催化剂前驱体, 通过催化热解酚醛树脂的方法制备了碳纳米管; 采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜研究了热解温度和催化剂用量对碳纳米管合成的影响。结果表明: 热解温度为400 ℃时, 添加质量分数为0.75%镍的酚醛树脂热解产物中无碳纳米管生成; 温度在600~1 000 ℃时, 碳纳米管的生成量及长径比均随温度的升高先增后降, 最佳生长温度为800 ℃; 在800 ℃热解时, 随着镍添加量的增加, 碳纳米管的生成量和长径比均先增大后减小, 最佳添加量为酚醛树脂质量的0.75%, 此时碳纳米管的直径为30～60 nm, 长度可达几十微米。

With nickel nitrate as catalyst precursor, the carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were prepared by the method of catalytic pyrolysis of phenolic resin. The effects of pyrolysis temperature and catalyst content on the synthesis of CNTs were investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The results show that at the pyrolysis temperature of 400 ℃, no CNTs were formed in the pyrolytic products of phenolic resin with 0.75wt%Ni. At the pyrolysis temperatures of 600-1 000 ℃, the yield and length-diameter ratio of CNTs first increased then decreased with the increase of temperature and the optimal growth temperature was 800 ℃. When pyrolyzed at 800 ℃, the yield and length-diameter ratio of CNTs first increased then decreased with the increase of nickel content and the optimal nickel content was 0.75wt% of phenolic resin. Under this condition, the diameters of synthesized CNTs were 30-60 nm and the lengths were tens of microns.