为解决钢铁酸洗除锈中盐酸对铁的腐蚀和盐酸挥发问题, 研究了8种自制的缓蚀抑雾剂的性能并选出最优配方H。采用单因素试验和正交试验对配方H的工艺条件进行优化,并采用扫描电镜对试片酸洗前后的微观形貌进行分析。结果表明: 配方H使用的最优工艺为除锈反应时间1 h、反应温度40 ℃、缓蚀抑雾剂用量1.5%、工业盐酸质量分数30%; 多次试验显示配方H在最优工艺下的缓蚀率和抑雾率均达到90%以上;配方H在除锈时的缓蚀抑雾效果显著。

In order to solve the issue of hydrochloric acid corrosion to iron and volatilization of hydrochloric acid, eight types of inhibitors for corrosion and acid mist of hydrochloric acid were compared, then the best type of H was picked out, and its process conditions was optimized by single factor and orthogonal experiments. The microstructure of iron unwashed and washed by acid was analyzed by SEM. The results showed that the optimal process of type H was as follow: reaction time of 1 h, reaction temperature of 40 ℃, inhibitor concentration of 1.5wt%, and the concentration of industrial hydrochloric acid of 30wt%. Under the optimal conditions, efficiency of inhibition to corrosion and to acid mist was more than 90%. Inhibitor H showed significant inhibitory effect on the removal of rust in HCl.