采用显色法对304不锈钢疲劳过程的表面损伤进行颜色检测及表征，结合扫描电镜观察，分析了不同损伤阶段的显色特征，以及表面粗糙度和应力幅对显色检测结果的影响。结果表明：随着试样变形程度的增大，显色经历了大面积均匀显色、局部区域显色和带状显色3个阶段，分别对应了表面钝化膜破坏及微裂纹萌生、主裂纹形成和长裂纹扩展3个阶段；试样表面越粗糙、疲劳试验应力幅越大，显色检测值也越大。

Color-change method was used to detect and characterize the surface damage of 304 stainless steel in the process of fatigue. And combined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation, the color-change characteristic during different fatigue damage stages, as well as the effect of surface roughness and stress amplitude on color-change test results was studied. The results show that with the increase of sample deformation, the color-change experienced three stages, i.e., the area of color-change was large and homogeneous, the area of color-change was partial, and the area of color-change was similar to the shape of surface cracks. These three stages were corresponding to the damage of the surface passivation film and initiation of micro cracks on the surface, the main crack initiation, and the long main crack propagation respectively. The higher sample surface roughness and the greater stress amplitude of the fatigue test were, the higher color-change values were.