先用3~4 mol·L^-1过氧化氢溶液6 mL将样品（0.100 0~0.200 0 g）预消解2 h，再按程序升温微波消解，冷却，加入7 mol·L^-1硝酸溶液2 mL，按程序升温重复消解一次，用水定重至10.0 g，离心后取上清液，用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定14种无机元素的含量。各元素的检出限（3s）在0.002 0~0.63 mg·kg^-1之间。按此方法分析了土壤标准样品，测得结果与认定值一致。用主成分分析法得出镍、钒、锌和镉等为土壤的特征性元素，其规律性可作为土壤样品的指纹图谱。特征元素与样品中有机质含量的相关性分析表明，二者关联性不大。

The soil sample (0.100 0-0.200 0 g) was first digested for 2 h with 6 mL of 3-4 mol·L^-1 H₂O₂ solution, then the mixture was microwave digested under the condition of programmed temperature elevation. After cooling, 2 mL of 7 mol·L^-1 HNO₃ solution were added and the digestion was repeated under the same condition. Water was added to make the mass of solution attained to 10.0 g. After centrifugation, the supernatant was used for ICP-MS determination of 14 inorganic elements. Values of detection limits (3s) found for the 14 elements were in the range of 0.002 0-0.63 mg·kg^-1. A standard sample of soil was analyzed by the proposed method, giving results in consistency with the certified values. As shown by the result of PCA, Ni, V, Zn and Cd were found to be the characteristic elements in soil, and the regularity of change in mass concentrations of the characteristic elements may be taken as the fingerprints of soil sample. A study on the correlationship of the characteristic elements with the contents of organic matters showed that no significant correlation was observed.