通过熔渗烧结法制备CuW80合金，然后在1 250℃下渗碳4 h制备梯度结构铜钨基碳化物复合材料；利用材料试验机对渗碳前后合金进行了不同温度下的压缩试验，采用扫描电镜对其组织及压缩断口进行了观察，研究了温度对复合材料压缩性能的影响规律，并分析其失效机理。结果表明：复合材料的表面形成了约70 μm厚的渗碳层，表面硬度较CuW80合金的提高了约95.1%；复合材料在室温压缩过程中存在明显的加工硬化现象，随温度升高，加工硬化作用逐渐减弱；抗压强度和压缩率随温度升高而降低，复合材料的压缩性能均优于CuW80合金的；随温度升高，复合材料断口形貌由以韧窝为主逐渐变成以塑性孔洞为主，压缩断裂方式是韧脆混合断裂。

CuW80 alloy was prepared by infiltration sintering method, then the gradient structure copper-tungsten based carbide composite was obtained by carburizing process for 4 h at 1 250℃. The compression tests for alloys before and after carburizing were carried out on universal testing machine at different temperatures, and microstructure and compression fracture were observed by scanning electron microscope. Effect of temperature on compression performance for composite was researched, and the failure mechanism was analyzed. The results show that a carburization layer with 70 μm thickness was formed on the surface of composite and surface hardness was improved by 95.1% compared with that of CuW80 alloy. There was a significant work hardening process for composite during room temperature compression process, but the hardening effect gradually weakened as temperature increased. The compressive strength and compression ratio declined as temperature increased. The compression property of composite was better than that of CuW80 alloy. Fracture morphology of composite mainly included dimples and then mostly plastic holes as temperature increased, and compression fracture failure mode was brittle fracture mixed with ductile fracture.