简要介绍了现行的X射线残余应力测定的国内外标准及国标（GB/T 7704）的历次制修订情况，并对新版X射线残余应力测定国标的修订背景、依据以及内容结构作了说明，重点对新版国标中的新技术、新方法和新要求等进行了解析，以期给我国残余应力测试工作者、测试设备制造者以及实验室管理者提供必要的技术和方法支持。最后就新版国标中存在的一些问题进行了分析讨论。

The current standards for residual stress measurement by X-ray at home (GB/T 7704) and abroad, and the development and revision situation of all the previous national standards were introduced briefly.The revision background, revision basis and the content structure of new version of the national standard for residual stress measurement by X-ray was illustrated, and the new technologies, new methods and new requirements were discussed in detail, and it was expected to provide necessary technology and method support for residual stress testers, equipment manufacturers and laboratory managers. Finally, the existing problems in the new national standard were analyzed briefly.