金属材料残余应力的测定方法
Measurement Methods of Residual Stress for Metallic Materials
摘 要
铸造、锻压、焊接、喷涂等各类机械加工成型过程都会使材料引入残余应力，残余应力的存在是构件失效的主要原因之一，准确测定工件的应力状态对产品质量的控制有着重要的意义。简要介绍了常用金属材料残余应力的测定原理与方法，概述了残余应力不同测试标准的适用性和局限性，重点阐述了sin2ψ与cosα两种X射线法测定残余应力的理论和标准，并展望了残余应力测定的发展方向。
钻孔应变法
压痕应变法
超声法
X射线法
cosα方法
residual stress
hole drilling strain-gauge method
indentation strain-gage method
ultrasonic method
X-ray method
cosα method
Abstract
Residual stress will be induced into the materials by some machining forming processes, such as casting, forging, welding, spraying and so on. Residual stress is the major cause of the failure of components, and the accuracy measurement of stress state of the components has important significance for the control of the product quality. The principles and methods of residual stress measurement for metallic materials were introduced briefly, and the theories and standards of both sin2ψ method and cosα method for residual stress measurement were mainly described, and the developing trend of residual stress measurement in the future was prospected.
中图分类号 TG115.2 DOI 10.11973/lhjy-wl201711001
所属栏目 专题报道(残余应力测定)
基金项目 上海市科学技术委员会资助项目（16DZ2290500）
收稿日期 2017/4/6
修改稿日期
网络出版日期
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备注巴发海(1966-),男,教授级高工,博士,主要从事应力测试、失效分析与安全评估等方面的研究,bafahai@163.com
引用该论文: BA Fahai,LI Kai. Measurement Methods of Residual Stress for Metallic Materials[J]. Physical Testing and Chemical Analysis part A:Physical Testing, 2017, 53(11): 771～777
巴发海,李凯. 金属材料残余应力的测定方法[J]. 理化检验－物理分册, 2017, 53(11): 771～777
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参考文献
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【3】GOU R,ZHANG Y,XU X,et al.Residual stress measurement of new and in-service X70 pipelines by X-ray diffraction method[J]. NDT & E International,2011,44(5):387-393.
【4】ZHU R H,XIE H M,ZHU J G,et al.A micro-scale strain rosette for residual stress measurement by SEM Moiré method[J]. Science China Physics,2014,57(4):716-722.
【5】BALDI A.Residual stress measurement using hole drilling and integrated digital image correlation techniques[J]. Experimental Mechanics,2014,54(3):379-391.
【6】NASIM K,ARIF A F M,AL-NASSAR Y N,et al.Investigation of residual stress development in spiral welded pipe[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2015,215:225-238.
【7】GHASEMI A R,MOHAMMADI M M.Residual stress measurement of fiber metal laminates using incremental hole-drilling technique in consideration of the integral method[J].International Journal of Mechanical Sciences,2016,114:246-256.
【8】印兵胜,赵怀普,王晓洪.残余应力测定的基本知识——第七讲 机械法测残余应力[J].理化检验-物理分册,2007,43(12):50-54.
【9】陈怀宁,林泉洪,曲鹏程.压痕法测量焊接应力中的几个基本问题[C]//第十一次全国焊接会议论文集(第2册).上海:中国机械工程学会焊接学会,2005:116-119.
【10】SAKHAROVA N A,PRATES P A,OLIVEIRA M C,et al.A simple method for estimation of residual stresses by depth-sensing indentation[J].Strain,2012,48(1):75-87.
【11】余立,薛欢,刘冬,等.压痕应变法测试车桥用钢的表面残余应力[J].理化检验-物理分册,2016,52(1):13-16.
【12】ZHAN Y,LIU C,KONG X,et al.Experiment and numerical simulation for laser ultrasonic measurement of residual stress[J]. Ultrasonics,2017,73:271-276.
【13】JAVADI Y,HASANI M,SADEGHI S.Investigation of clamping effect on the welding sub-surface residual stress and deformation by using the ultrasonic stress measurement and finite element method[J]. Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation,2015,34(1):1-11.
【14】王亚民,王彦龙.残余应力的超声波检测系统[J].仪表技术,2004(4):33-34.
【15】罗玉梅,任凤章,张伟,等.X射线法测量多晶材料残余应力[J].材料导报,2014,28(11):112-114,127.
【16】EN 15305-2008 Non-destructive testing-Test method for residual stress analysis by X-ray diffraction[S].
【17】GB/T 7704-2008 无损检测 X射线应力测定方法[S].
【18】施新华,武立宏,栗春.欧美最新X射线衍射残余应力测定标准介绍[J].理化检验-物理分册,2011,47(10):623-628.
【19】LIN J,MA N,LEI Y,et al.Measurement of residual stress in arc welded lap joints by cosα X-ray diffraction method[J]. Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2017,243:387-394.
【20】BELASSEL M,PINEAULT J,CARATANASOV N,et al.Comparison of residual stress measurement techniques and implementation using X-ray diffraction[C]//The 10th International Conference on Residual Stress.[S.l.]:[s.n],2016.
【21】叶璋,王婧辰,陈禹锡,等.基于二维面探的高温合金GH4169残余应力分析[J].表面技术,2016,45(4):1-4.
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