活性炭/膨胀石墨复合材料的制备、表征及其对罗丹明B的吸附性能
Preparation,Characterization and Adsorption Capacity to Rhodamine B of Activated Carbon/Expanded Graphite Composite
摘 要
以果糖为碳源、磷酸为活化剂，采用浸渍活化工艺制备活性炭/膨胀石墨（AC/EG）复合材料，使用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、氮气吸脱附仪、傅立叶变换红外光谱仪及紫外-可见分光光度计等设备研究了其微观结构及对罗丹明B的吸附性能，并分析了AC膜的形成机理。结果表明：以流动性更好的果糖为碳源是实现AC膜包覆EG的重要因素，AC/EG复合材料具有分级多孔、孔孔相通的特征；当加入磷酸的质量为7.2 g、活化温度为500℃、活化时间为2 h时，复合材料的比表面积和中孔容均最大，分别为863.34 m2·g-1和0.396 cm3·g-1，对罗丹明B的吸附量为626.12 mg·g-1。
膨胀石墨
罗丹明B
吸附性能
activated carbon
expanded graphite
Rhodamine B
adsorption capacity
Abstract
Activated carbon/expanded graphite (AC/EG) composite was prepared by impregnation activation process using fructose as precursor and phosphoric acid as activating agent. The microstructure and adsorption capacity to Rhodamine B of the composite were studied by using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, nitrogen adsorption-desorption tester, Fourier transform infrared spectroscope and ultraviolet-visual spectrophotometer. The formation mechanism of AC membrane was discussed. The results show that the good flowability of fructose as precursor was the key factor for achieving the EG coated with AC membrane. AC/EG composite had features of hierarchical porous and pores connected with each other. The specific surface area and mesopore volume of composite were both the largest which were 863.34 m2·g-1 and 0.396 cm3·g-1, respectively, and the adsorption capacity to Rhodamine B was 626.12 mg·g-1 when the mass of added phosphoric acid was 7.2 g, activation temperature was 500℃ and activation time was 2 h.
中图分类号 TQ127.1 DOI 10.11973/jxgccl201802013
所属栏目 新材料 新工艺
基金项目 国家自然科学基金资助项目（51478285）
收稿日期 2017/1/18
修改稿日期 2017/12/7
网络出版日期
作者单位点击查看
备注付猛(1973-),男,内蒙古赤峰人,副教授,博士
引用该论文: FU Meng,LIU Peng,CHEN Zhigang. Preparation,Characterization and Adsorption Capacity to Rhodamine B of Activated Carbon/Expanded Graphite Composite[J]. Materials for mechancial engineering, 2018, 42(2): 58～63
付猛,刘鹏,陈志刚. 活性炭/膨胀石墨复合材料的制备、表征及其对罗丹明B的吸附性能[J]. 机械工程材料, 2018, 42(2): 58～63
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【2】VIEIRA S S, MAGRIOTIS Z M, SANTOS N A V, et al. Macauba palm (Acrocomia aculeata) cake from biodiesel processing:An efficient and low cost substrate for the adsorption of dyes[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2012, 183(8):152-161.
【3】SIVARAJ R, NAMASIVAYAM C, KADIRVELU K. Orange peel as an adsorbent in the removal of acid violet 17(acid dye) from aqueous solutions[J]. Waste Management, 2001, 21(1):105-110.
【4】ZAINI M A A, ZAKARIA M, MOHD.-SETAPAR S H, et al. Sludge-adsorbents from palm oil mill effluent for methylene blue removal[J]. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2013, 1(4):1091-1098.
【5】ANGIN D. Utilization of activated carbon produced from fruit juice industry solid waste for the adsorption of Yellow 18 from aqueous solutions[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2014, 168:259-266.
【6】TOYODA M, INAGAKI M. Heavy oil sorption using exfoliated graphite:New application of exfoliated graphite to protect heavy oil pollution[J]. Carbon, 2013, 51(2):199-210.
【7】JIANG L, ZHANG J, XU X, et al. Characterization and application of expanded graphite modified with phosphoric acid and glucose for the removal of Ni (Ⅱ) from aqueous solution[J]. Applied Surface Science, 2015, 357:2355-2363.
【8】CHENG Z, ZHANG L, GUO X, et al. Removal of Lissamine rhodamine B and acid orange 10 from aqueous solution using activated carbon/surfactant:Process optimization, kinetics and equilibrium[J]. Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, 2015, 47:149-159.
【9】DING L, ZOU B, GAO W, et al. Adsorption of Rhodamine-B from aqueous solution using treated rice husk-based activated carbon[J]. Colloids and Surfaces A:Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 2014, 446:1-7.
【10】MARÊCHÉ J F, BÉGIN D, FURDIN G, et al. Monolithic activated carbons from resin impregnated expanded graphite[J]. Carbon, 2001, 39(5):771-773.
【11】CHEN X, ZHENG Y P, KANG F, et al. Preparation and structure analysis of carbon/carbon composite made from phenolic resin impregnation into exfoliated graphite[J]. Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids, 2006, 67(5):1141-1144.
【12】陈红, 陈志刚, 刘成宝,等. 膨胀石墨基炭/炭复合材料对苯酚的吸附动力学[J]. 机械工程材料, 2011, 35(9):30-34.
【13】陈志刚, 刘成宝, 王振邦,等. 微-纳米孔碳质材料的制备及微观结构[J]. 硅酸盐学报, 2010, 38(4):704-710.
【14】刘成宝, 陈志刚, 陈丰,等. 微纳米多孔碳质材料的表面修饰及苯酚吸附性能[J]. 硅酸盐学报, 2012, 40(5):776-782.
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【19】JUAN Y, KE-QIANG Q. Preparation of activated carbon by chemical activation under vacuum[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2009, 43(9):3385-3390.
【20】YORGUN S, YILDIZ D. Preparation and characterization of activated carbons from Paulownia wood by chemical activation with H3PO4[J]. Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, 2015, 53:122-131.
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【22】CHENG C, ZHANG J, MU Y, et al. Preparation and evaluation of activated carbon with different polycondensed phosphorus oxyacids (H3PO4, H4P2O7, H6P4O13, and C6H18O24P6) activation employing mushroom roots as precursor[J]. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 2014, 108(7):41-46.
【23】CONCEIÇÃO F L, CARROTT P J M, CARROTT M M L R. New carbon materials with high porosity in the 1-7 nm range obtained by chemical activation with phosphoric acid of resorcinol-formaldehyde aerogels[J]. Carbon, 2009, 47(7):1874-1877.
【24】PRAHAS D, KARTIKA Y, INDRASWATI N, et al. Activated carbon from jackfruit peel waste by H3PO4 chemical activation:Pore structure and surface chemistry characterization[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2008, 140(1/2/3):32-42.
【25】BOURLINOS A B, GEORGAKILAS V, ZBORIL R. Easy deposition of amorphous carbon films on glass substrates[J]. Carbon, 2008, 46(13):1801-1804.
【26】YAO T, ZHANG Y, XIAO Y, et al. The effect of environmental factors on the adsorption of lubricating oil onto expanded graphite[J]. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 2016, 218:611-614.
【27】HUANG Y, ZHENG X, FENG S, et al. Enhancement of rhodamine B removal by modifying activated carbon developed from Lythrum salicaria L. with pyruvic acid[J]. Colloids and Surfaces A:Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 2016, 489:154-162.
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