残余应力的存在严重影响着构件的刚度和强度，当其与外部工作应力叠加后的总应力超过强度极限时很可能导致零件的失效。在概述残余应力无损研究进展的基础上，结合涡流热成像无损检测机理，讨论了运用涡流热成像技术进行导体材料残余应力检测的理论基础，给出了残余应力涡流无损检测的试验方案。通过对钢板中冲击残余应力的检测试验，对提出的方法进行了验证。结果表明，涡流热成像检测方法能够快速、有效地对材料内部的残余应力分布进行检测。

The existence of residual stress in a component will seriously affect its rigidity and the strength. If the total stress, which superimposes the residual stress with the external working stress, exceeds the material strength limit, it may lead to failure of the component. This paper summarizes the research progress of residual stress testing with nondestructive testing method. Based upon the theory of eddy current thermography (ECT), an approach to detect residual stress of conductive material part has been proposed by using ECT. The theoretical basis of the prposed method is introduced and a scheme of the experiment system is suggested. The impact residual stress in steel samples has been detected by using the proposed method and experiment system. The results show that ECT could be a potential approach to detect residual stress in conductive materials fast and effectively.