总结了目前常用的导热系数测试方法及其基本原理，通过对比国内外建立的典型测试装置基本参数，分析了各种方法的特点。结果表明：稳态法对于低导热材料而言具有准确度高、重复性好的优点，但测试范围小、温域窄、周期长、对测试环境要求高；非稳态法具有测试范围大、适用材料广、温域宽、周期短、对测试环境要求较低的优点，但在低导热材料的测试中，准确度和重复性不如稳态法的；在选择导热系数测试方法时，应综合考虑材料、方法、装置、测试要求等各方面因素。

Mechanisms of several measurement methods for thermal conductivity were summarized and the characteristics of these methods were analyzed through comparing the basic parameters of typical measurement apparatuses set up at home and abroad. The results show that steady-state methods have good accuracy and repeatability in materials with low thermal conductivity, with small measurement range, narrow temperature range, long measurement cycle time and rigid measurement environment. On the contrary, transient methods have great characteristics including large measurement range, wide temperature range, short measurement cycle time and mild environment requirements, but they are poorer in accuracy and repeatability compared with steady-state methods in measuring insulation materials. It is necessary to synthetically consider materials, methods, apparatuses and measurement requirements when choosing measurement method for thermal conductivity.