分别采用传统喷丸、微粒子喷丸、传统喷丸+微粒子喷丸工艺对渗碳淬火齿轮钢18CrNiMo7-6进行表面处理，研究了喷丸处理对表面粗糙度、硬度、残余应力及胶合载荷的影响。结果表明：3种喷丸工艺均可以提高试验钢的表面硬度，传统喷丸+微粒子喷丸对表面硬度的提高幅度最大，其次为微粒子喷丸；传统喷丸增大了试验钢的表面粗糙度，微粒子喷丸和传统喷丸+微粒子喷丸降低了表面粗糙度，微粒子喷丸处理后的表面粗糙度最低；3种喷丸工艺均会在试验钢表面引入残余压应力，微粒子喷丸和传统喷丸+微粒子喷丸引入的最大残余压应力位于表面，而传统喷丸引入的位于次表面；传统喷丸+微粒子喷丸处理后试验钢的胶合载荷最大，其次为微粒子喷丸处理后的，这与微粒子喷丸提高了表面硬度和表面残余压应力，同时降低了表面粗糙度有关。

Conventional shot peening, micro-shot peening and conventional- and micro-shot peening were conducted on carburized and quenched heavy-load gear steel 18CrNiMo7-6, respectively, and then the effects of shot peening on the surface roughness, hardness, residual stress and scuffing load were studied. The results show that the surface hardness of the tested steel was improved by the three shot peening processes; the increase in surface hardness by the conventional- and micro-shot peening was the largest, followed by the micro-shot peening. The surface roughness of the tested steel was improved by conventional shot peening while reduced by micro-shot peening and by conventional- and micro-shot peening, and the surface roughness after micro-shot peening was the lowest. Residual compressive stresses were introduced to the tested steel surface by the three shot peening processes. The maximum residual compressive stresses by micro-shot peening and by conventional- and micro-shot peening were in surface, while that by conventional shot peening was in sub-surface. The scuffing load of the tested steel after conventional- and micro-shot peening was the largest, followed by micro-shot peening, due to the improvement of surface hardness and surface residual compressive stress and the decrease of surface roughness by micro-shot peening.