对GCr15轴承钢进行了超声振动辅助磨削和未施加超声振动的普通磨削，测试了磨削表面的残余应力，研究了超声振动以及进给深度（5~30 μm）和砂轮线速度（2~12 m·s^-1）对表面残余应力的影响。结果表明：两种方式磨削后的表面均形成了残余压应力，且超声振动辅助磨削的表面残余压应力较大；随着进给深度的增大或砂轮线速度的减小，两种方式磨削加工后的表面残余压应力总体上均呈增大趋势；随着砂轮线速度的增大，施加超声振动前后表面残余压应力的差值减小，说明超声振动对表面残余压应力的提高作用减弱。

Ultrasonic vibration assisted grinding and conventional grinding without ultrasonic vibration were conducted on GCr15 bearing steel, and then the grinding surface residual stresses were measured. The effects of ultrasonic vibration as well as grinding depth (5-30 μm) and linear speed of grinding wheel (2-12 m·s^-1) on the surface residual stress were studied. The results show that the residual compressive stresses were generated on the surfaces grinded by the two methods. The surface residual compressive stress obtained by the ultrasonic vibration assisted grinding was relatively high. With increasing feed depth or decreasing linear speed of grinding wheel, the surface residual compressive stresses by the two methods both generally increased. With increasing linear speed of grinding wheel, the difference value between the surface residual compressive stresses with and without ultrasonic vibration was reduced, indicating that the improvement effect of the ultrasonic vibration on the surface residual compressive stress was weakened.