通过分析现场金相检验误判案例，概况总结了可能导致现场金相检验误判的原因，并提出了改进措施，最后归纳出防止现场金相检验误判必须考虑的因素。提出检验人员在开展现场金相检验及显微组织判断时，应对所检材料表面状况、壁厚、环境、现场设备能力等因素加以综合考虑，防止忽略这些因素造成的显微组织判断偏差及技术风险。

By analyzing the misjudgment cases of field metallographic examination, the causes that may lead to the misjudgment of field metallographic examination were summarized, some improvement measures were put forward, and finally the factors that must be considered were summed up to prevent the misjudgment of field metallographic examination. It is suggested that when conducting field metallographic inspection and microstructure judgment, inspectors should comprehensively consider the surface condition, wall thickness, environment, field equipment capacity and other factors of the tested material, so as to prevent the deviation of microstructure judgment and technical risk caused by neglecting these factors.