在不同应变速率下对铸铁和铸铝圆棒试样进行了单轴高速拉伸试验，研究了它们的动态力学性能及断裂情况，分析了相关因素对试验的影响。结果表明：测试应变、应力的方法，试样标距长度及夹持端长度等对试验准确性和曲线振荡程度有较大影响；使用比刚度和比强度高的夹具、短标距试样、应变片测试应力、两台相机测试应变、适当增加夹持端长度可以提高试验结果的准确性。

Uniaxial high-speed tensile tests were carried out on cast iron and cast aluminum round bar samples at different strain rates, their dynamic mechanical behaviors and broken conditions were studied, and the effects of related factors on tensile test were analyzed. The results show that methods of strain and stress testing, gauge length and clamping end length of samples had great influence on accuracy of tensile test and the oscillation degree of curves. Using fixtures with high specific stiffness and strength, and samples with short gauge length, testing stress with strain gauge, testing strain with two cameras and increasing the clamping end length appropriately could improve the accuracy of test results.