选择取自武汉的近中性黄棕壤、取自天津的碱性盐碱土和取自南昌的酸性红壤作为腐蚀介质，对Q235钢进行室内模拟加速腐蚀试验，对比研究了试验钢的腐蚀速率、腐蚀形貌和腐蚀产物组成，分析了其腐蚀机理。结果表明：在3种土壤中试验钢均发生了不均匀的全面腐蚀和局部点蚀。腐蚀产物外层结构疏松，主要由Fe₂O₃、FeOOH组成；内层结构致密，主要由Fe₃O₄组成。在碱性盐碱土中，试验钢表面形成了结构完整的腐蚀产物层，抑制了阴极的耗氧反应，腐蚀速率最低；酸性红壤中较高浓度的H⁺促进了阴极析氢反应的进行以及裂纹的产生，试验钢腐蚀速率最高；在腐蚀后期，试验钢表面形成了致密的Fe₃O₄内锈层，因此腐蚀15 d时的腐蚀速率大于腐蚀30 d时的。

The near-neutral yellow brown soil from Wuhan, the alkaline saline-alkali soil from Tianjin and the acid red soil from Nanchang were selected as corrosive media. The indoor simulated accelerated corrosion test of Q235 steel was carried out. The corrosion rate, corrosion morphology and corrosion product composition of the test steel were compared, and the corrosion mechanism was analyzed. The results show that the test steel in all the three soils had uneven comprehensive corrosion and local pitting. The outer layer structure of the corrosion products was loose, mainly composed of Fe₂O₃ and FeOOH. The inner layer structure was dense and mainly composed of Fe₃O₄. In the alkaline saline-alkali soil, a structurally complete corrosion product layer was formed on the surface of the test steel, which inhibited the oxygen-consuming reaction of the cathode; the corrosion rate was the lowest. The higher concentration of H⁺ in acid red soil promoted the process of the cathodic hydrogen evolution reaction and the generation of cracks; the corrosion rate of the test steel was the highest. In the later stage of corrosion, the dense inner rust layer of Fe₃O₄ was formed on the surface of the test steel; the corrosion rate of the test steel during 15 d was higher than that during 30 d.