长期服役后X20马氏体钢的腐蚀电化学行为
Corrosion Electrochemical Behavior of X20 Martensitic Steel after Long-term Service
摘 要
结合电化学分析和微观形貌观察，研究了在电厂服役230 000 h后X20钢的腐蚀电化学行为，以及微观组织结构退化与电化学行为的关联性。结果表明：经长期服役后X20钢组织内原奥氏体晶界和马氏体板条界上分布的碳化物严重粗化。富铬碳化物在晶界的析出和长大可能导致钢在含氯离子环境中的抗点蚀形核和再钝化能力降低。显微形貌观察表明，X20钢表面点蚀坑易萌生于原奥氏体晶界和马氏体板条界处，这与晶界附近析出的稳定碳化物将铬元素隔离在晶界外，从而使得原奥氏体晶界和马氏体板条界附近形成局部的贫铬区有关。
长期服役
结构演变
腐蚀
电化学
X20 steel
long-term service
microstructural evolution
corrosion
electrochemistry
Abstract
The electrochemical behavior of X20 steel after 230 000 hours service in power plant, and the correlation between microstructure degradation and electrochemical behavior were investigated by electrochemical analysis and micromorphology observation. The results show that the carbides distributed in prior austenite grain boundary and martensite lath boundary were severely coarsened after long-term service. The precipitation and growth of chromium-rich carbides at the boundaries may lead to the reduction of the resistance to pitting nucleation and repassivation of the steel in chloride environment. The microstructure observation show that the pits on the surface of X20 steel were easy to be initiated at the original austenite grain boundary. This was because the stable carbide precipitated near the grain boundary separated the chromium element from the grain boundary, and local austenite grain boundary and martensite lath boundary formed a localized chromium-depleted zone.
中图分类号 TG172.8 DOI 10.11973/fsyfh-201911001
所属栏目 试验研究
基金项目 "挑战杯"竞赛支撑项目（TZ20180003）；江苏省大学生创新创业训练计划项目（201911276004Z）；国家自然科学基金青年科学基金（51801098）；国家自然科学基金（51971163）
收稿日期 2018/5/4
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引用该论文: YU Feihai,ZHANG Zhen,HU Zhengfei,LI Guizhen,WANG Qi,DUAN Weiwei. Corrosion Electrochemical Behavior of X20 Martensitic Steel after Long-term Service[J]. Corrosion & Protection, 2019, 40(11): 783
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【3】HENRY J, AVERTY X, DAI Y, et al. Tensile properties of 9Cr-1Mo martensitic steel irradiated with high energy protons and neutrons[J]. Journal of Nuclear Materials, 2003, 318:215-227.
【4】KANNAN R, SRINIVASAN V S, VALSAN M, et al. High temperature low cycle fatigue behaviour of P92 tungsten added 9Cr steel[J]. Transactions of the Indian Institute of Metals, 2010, 63(2/3):571-574.
【5】HALD J. Microstructure and long-term creep properties of 9-12% Cr steels[J]. International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping, 2008, 85(1/2):30-37.
【6】ZHANG Z, SINGH P M, HU Z F. The corrosion behavior of 9Cr ferritic-martensitic heat-resistant steel in water and chloride environment[J]. Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology, 2015, 137(3):109-120.
【7】ZUREK J, DE BRUYCKER E, HUYSMANS S, et al. Steam oxidation of 9% to 12% Cr steels:critical evaluation and implications for practical application[J]. Corrosion, 2014, 70(2):112-129.
【8】AHMEDABADI P, WAS G. Stress corrosion cracking of ferritic-maretensitic steels in simulated boiling water reactor environment[J]. Corrosion, 2016,72:66-77.
【9】张振, 胡正飞, 张乐福. 溶解氧对P92钢超临界水环境中应力腐蚀开裂的影响[J]. 材料热处理学报, 2016, 37(9):105-111.
【10】ZHONG X Y, WU X Q, HAN E H. Effects of exposure temperature and time on corrosion behavior of a ferritic-martensitic steel P92 in aerated supercritical water[J]. Corrosion Science, 2015, 90:511-521.
【11】BENJAMIN F, MAXIME S, ALEXANDRA R, et al. Microstructural evolutions and cyclic softening of 9%Cr martensitic steels[J]. Journal of Nuclear Materials, 2009, 386/387/388:71-74.
【12】ISIK M I, KOSTKA A, YARDLEY V A, et al. The nucleation of Mo-rich Laves phase particles adjacent to M23C6 micrograin boundary carbides in 12% Cr tempered martensite ferritic steels[J]. Acta Materialia, 2015, 90:94-104.
【13】XU Y T, ZHANG X Y, TIAN Y B, et al. Study on the nucleation and growth of M23C6 carbides in a 10% Cr martensite ferritic steel after long-term aging[J]. Materials Characterization, 2016, 111:122-127.
【14】NEELAKANTAN L, MONCHEV B, FROTSCHER M, et al. The influence of secondary phase carbide particles on the passivity behaviour of NiTi shape memory alloys[J]. Materials and Corrosion, 2012, 63:979-984.
【15】SHIBAEVA T V, LAURINAVICHYUTE V K, TSIRLINA G A, et al. The effect of microstructure and non-metallic inclusions on corrosion behavior of low carbon steel in chloride containing solutions[J]. Corrosion Science, 2014, 80:299-308.
【16】SIKKA VK, WARD CT, THOMAS K C. Proceedings of ASM international conference on production, fabrication, properties and application of ferritic steels for high temperature applications[C]//Warren, PA, 6-8 October 1981. Metals Park (OH):ASM, 1983;65-84.
【17】LUNDIN L. High resolution microanalysis of creep resistant 9%-12%chromium steels[D]. Gteborg, Sweden:Chalmars University of Technology, 1995.
【18】束德林. 工程材料力学性能[M]. 北京:机械工业出版社, 2015.
【19】PARDO A, MERINO M C, COY A E, et al. Influence of Ti, C and N concentration on the intergranular corrosion behaviour of AISI 316Ti and 321 stainless steels[J]. Acta Materialia, 2007, 55(7):2239-2251.
【20】GABERŠCEK M, PEJOVNIK S. Impedance spectroscopy as a technique for studying the spontaneous passivation of metals in electrolytes[J]. Electrochimica Acta, 1996, 41(7/8):1137-1142.
【21】KOSEC T, MERL D K, MILOŠEV I. Impedance and XPS study of benzotriazole films formed on copper, copper-zinc alloys and zinc in chloride solution[J]. Corrosion Science, 2008, 50(7):1987-1997.
【22】MACDONALD D D. The point defect model for the passive state[J]. Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 1992, 139(12):3434.
【23】MACDONALD D D. The history of the point defect model for the passive state:A brief review of film growth aspects[J]. Electrochimica Acta, 2011, 56(4):1761-1772.
【24】KOCIJAN A, MERL D K, JENKO M. The corrosion behaviour of austenitic and duplex stainless steels in artificial saliva with the addition of fluoride[J]. Corrosion Science, 2011, 53(2):776-783.
【25】BRANKOVIC G, BRANKOVIC Z, JOVIC V D, et al. Fractal approach to ac impedance spectroscopy studies of ceramic materials[J]. Journal of Electroceramics, 2001, 7(2):89-94.
【26】MAITRA M, SINHA M, MUKHOPADHYAY A, et al. Ion-conductivity and Young's modulus of the polymer electrolyte PEO-ammonium perchlorate[J]. Solid State Ionics, 2007, 178(3/4):167-171.
【27】ZHENG S Q, LI C Y, QI Y M, et al. Mechanism of (Mg, Al, Ca)-oxide inclusion-induced pitting corrosion in 316L stainless steel exposed to sulphur environments containing chloride ion[J]. Corrosion Science, 2013, 67:20-31.
【28】LI H B, JIANG Z H, FENG H, et al. Corrosion behavior of ferritic stainless steel with 15wt% chromium for the automobile exhaust system[J]. International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy, and Materials, 2013, 20(9):850-860.
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