某注水井油管发生腐蚀穿孔失效。通过宏观观察、化学成分分析、金相检验、能谱分析、X射线衍射分析、力学性能测试、细菌培养试验等方法对油管腐蚀穿孔失效的原因进行了分析。结果表明：硫酸盐还原菌和腐生菌的存在使溶液中SO₄^2-被还原成H₂S，H₂S的存在引发了油管管壁的腐蚀，从而造成了油管腐蚀穿孔。油管的腐蚀类型为垢下微生物腐蚀。

The tubing of a water injection well was corroded and perforated. The reasons for the failure of oil pipe corrosion perforation were analyzed by means of macroscopic observation, chemical composition analysis, metallographic examination, energy spectrum analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis, mechanical property test and bacterial culture test. The results show that the existence of sulfate reducing bacteria and saprophytic bacteria reduced SO₄^2- to H₂S in the solution. The existence of H₂S led to the corrosion of the tubing wall, which resulted in the corrosion and perforation of the tubing. The corrosion type of oil pipe was microbial corrosion under scale.